Njengoko sisazi ngaphakathi kwexesha Mesozoic Kukho amaxesha amathathu aphawula umahluko kuphuhliso lwezityalo nezilwanyana kunye nemozulu kunye nokwakheka komhlaba. La maxesha mathathu ngala: Triassic, IJurassic y Ukuthintela. Namhlanje siza kugxila ekufundeni Izilwanyana zaseJurassic. Eli lixesha apho zonke iidinosaurs zisasazeka kwiindawo ezininzi ezomileyo zeplanethi.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nophuhliso lwezilwanyana zaseJurassic.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Ukuba ixesha leJurassic liye lavela, kukuba uphuhliso olukhulu lobomi lwadityaniswa ngendlela ebanzi kwinqanaba lezityalo nezilwanyana. Kwaye kukuba kwiminyaka ezizigidi ezingama-56 eli xesha liqhubeka, zonke izityalo zinokudala amahlathi kunye namahlathi apho inani elikhulu lezilwanyana landa khona.
Phakathi kwezi zilwanyana zenza izilwanyana sifumana iidinosaurs. Izilwanyana ezazikho kuyo yonke imihlaba zazingumhlaba womhlaba kunye nolwandle. Akufanele sikhohlwe ukuba ngeli xesha kwinqanaba lejoloji bekukho umsebenzi omkhulu wamacwecwe eteknoloji.
Iidinosaurs zezona zilwanyana zaziwayo zibulela inyani yokuba ziye zafundwa nzulu kakhulu ngeefosili eziye zafunyanwa. Ubomi bezilwanyana ngeli xesha babenako ukoyisa lonke indawo yokuhlala, elwandle kunye neyasemoyeni.
Ukuphuhliswa kwezilwanyana zaseJurassic
Izilwanyana ezingenamqolo
Ngaphakathi kwiqela lama-invertebrates sinokubona ukuba i-mollusks ixhomekeke phambili. Ngaphakathi kwee-molluscs, ngakumbi i-gastropods, i-bivalves kunye ne-cephalopods ezaye zandiswa kakhulu kwaye zahluka. Ngenxa yokupheliswa okwenzekileyo ngexesha lokugqibela kukaTriassic ezinye iiklasi ezinje nge-Ammonoids, Nautiloids (iyaqhubeka nanamhlanje) kunye neBelemnoideos.
Elinye iqela lezilwanyana ezingenamqolo eziye zafumana umohluko omkhulu ngexesha leJurassic yayiziichinoderms. Ngaphakathi kwii-echinoderms, ezeklasi ye-asteroids zezona zazisasazeke kakhulu. Kule klasi sine-starfish. I-Echinoids inenani elikhulu lokuhlala elwandle. Ngaphakathi kweli qela kukho iiurchins zolwandle.
Kulo lonke ixesha i-arthropods yayininzi. Ngokukodwa bonke abo bangabodidi lwee-crustaceans baphuhliswa kwimeko yolwandle, apho sinononkala khona. Ukongeza, bekukho ezinye zezinambuzane ezinje ngeebhathane, oonomeva kunye neenkumbi.
Izidalwa eziphilayo
Njengoko kulindelwe ngaphakathi kwizilwanyana ezinomqolo, abo babelawula ngokupheleleyo eli xesha zizirhubuluzi. Kwaye zezilwanyana zeJurassic iqela lezilwanyana elalilawula uninzi lwazo yayiziidinosaurs. Ii-Amphibians nazo zaqala ukubonakala kodwa ukuya kwinqanaba elincinci. Nangona babembalwa abameli beli qela lezilwanyana ezanyisayo, nabo baqala ukukhula ngeli xesha.
Kwiindawo ezihlala emanzini sifumana izixokelelwano zendalo ezigcwele ubomi. Uninzi lobomi obabukho ngelo xesha lwaphuhliswa kwimeko yolwandle. Kwakukho iindidi ezininzi zeentlanzi, nangona izirhubuluzi zasemanzini zazingookumkani bamanzi. Abona bameli babalaseleyo zezi zilandelayo:
- Ichthyosaurs: Olu hlobo lwesirhubuluzi lwasasazwa lulwandle lonke. Ukutya kwayo kwakudla ngokupheleleyo kwaye kwahlasela ixhoba elikhulu. Zinokulinganisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-18 yeemitha ubude kwaye zazinamaphiko aliqela, umsila kunye ne-dorsal. Yi-morphology yayo esifumana umzimba omde kunye neempumlo ezinde ezenzelwe ukubamba ixhoba. Inendawo ephucukileyo kakhulu yokuba ikwazi ukwenza iinyembezi ezintle. Ngokutsho kweefosili eziye zafunyanwa ichthyosaurs sinokuqonda ukuba zazizilwanyana ezi-viviparous. Oko kukuthi, umbungu ukhula ngaphakathi emzimbeni womama.
- IPlesiosaurs: ezi zilwanyana zaselwandle zazinkulu kunechthyosaurs. Babenakho ukulinganisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-23 yeemitha ubude. Intamo yayo yayine-morphology ende kakhulu. Babenemilenze emi-4 eyayihamba ngokukhawuleza ngaphantsi kwamanzi kwaye yenziwa njengamaphiko. Umzimba wakhe ubanzi.
Izilwanyana zeJurassic zohlobo lwomoya kunye nomhlaba
Masingakulibali ukuba ngexesha leJurassic iintaka ezincinci nazo zavela, nangona izirhubuluzi ezibhabhayo zazingabaphathi bomoya. Ezi yayiziPterosaurs. Ezi zilwanyana zazinobukhulu obahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwazo kwaye sasinokufumana ukusuka kwincinci ukuya kwenye enkulu. Umzimba wayo wawugqunywe ziinwele kunye namaphiko abanzi ayenziwe yimbumba ebincanyathiselwe enye kwiminwe yesandla ngendlela efanayo nelulwane.
Enkosi kwiifosili ezininzi esizifumeneyo I-Pterosaurs sinokwazi ukuba zazine-oviparous. Kuyenzeka ukuba bacinge ukuba babenombono olungileyo wokuba babambe ixhoba kwiindawo eziphakamileyo. Kungenxa yokuba ukutya kwabo kwakudla ngokupheleleyo kwaye banokutya iintlanzi kunye nezinye izinambuzane. Ukuze babambe iintlanzi ezisemanzini kufuneka babe nembono entle.
Njengamathambo omqolo omhlaba esihlala kuwo ikakhulu sineedinosaurs ezinkulu. Iidinosaurs zazikho ngeentlobo ezimbini: ii-carnivores kunye ne-herbivores. Phakathi kwezinto ezidla utyani, iapatosaurus, ibrachiosaurus, igigantspinosaurus kunye nekhamera zaziphambili, phakathi kwezinye. Siza kubachaza ngokufutshane:
- Iapatosaurus: Inokuba nobunzima obufikelela kwiitoni ezingama-30 kwaye yayinkulu (iimitha ezingama-21).
- Brachiosaurus: Ihamba ngemilenze emi-4 kwaye ibonakaliswe ngobukhulu bayo obukhulu kunye nentamo ende. Yayiziimitha ezili-13 ukuphakama neemitha ezingama-23 ubude.
- ICamarasaurus: Inokulinganisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-18 yeemitha ubude. Inomqolo womqolo onohlobo oluthile lwegumbi lomoya elalinciphisa ubunzima bomzimba.
- IGigantspinosaurus: yayixhobile ngokupheleleyo ngamacwecwe amathambo. Nangona yayingeyonto inkulu kangako, yayinokhuseleko olukhulu. Inokulinganisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-5 yeemitha ubude.
Phakathi kwee-dinosaurs ezidlayo sinakho oku kulandelayo:
- Zonke izilwanyana: emaphethelweni abo babenamacwecwe ngokwaneleyo ukuze bakwazi ukubamba ixhoba labo. Banokulinganisa ukuya kuthi ga kwiimitha ezili-12 ubude.
- ICompsognathusNangona yayisisilwanyana esidla inyama, sasisincinci kakhulu. Ifike kuphela kwimitha ubude.
- I-Cryolophosaurus: yayiziimitha ezi-6 kuphela ubude neemitha ezi-3 ukuphakama. Ukusuka kumalungu ayo angaphambili yayineenzipho eziqinileyo ezinakho ukutshabalalisa ixhoba lazo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nezilwanyana zeJurassic.