Ngexesha le-Mesozoic kukho amaxesha ama-3 ahlula-hlula imicimbi eyahlukeneyo ephawule ukuqala kunye nokuphela kokubini kwinqanaba lejoloji kunye nebhayiloji. Ixesha lokuqala liTriassic kwaye namhlanje siza kugxila kwixesha lesibini leMesozoic. Imalunga neJurassic. Lulwahlulo lwamaxesha e-geological aqala malunga ne-199 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo kwaye yaphela malunga ne-145 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Njengokuba kuninzi lwee-geologic eras, zombini ukuqala kunye nokuphela kwamaxesha azichanekanga ngokupheleleyo.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu, i-geology, imozulu, i-flora kunye nezilwanyana zeJurassic.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Lixesha lexesha apho ezinye iziganeko ezibalulekileyo zenzekileyo kwihlabathi liphela kwaye zilandela iTriassic naphambi kweCretaceous. Igama leJurassic livela kwiziseko zecarbonate sedimentary ezenzeka kwingingqi yaseYurophu yeJura, ebekwe kwiiAlps. Kungoko igama linguJurassic. Ngalo lonke eli xesha enye yezona mpawu ziphambili zibonakaliswa kukuphakama kweedinosaurs ezinkulu (ezenzelwe iifilimu ezininzi) kunye nokwahlulwa kwelizwekazi eliphambili iPangea ukuya kumazwekazi aseLaurasia naseGondwana.
I-Australia yaqhekeka kwicandelo elibizwa ngokuba yiGondawana ngexesha le-Upper Jurassic kunye nasekuqaleni kweCretaceous. Ngale ndlela inye, iLaurasia yahlulwa yaya kwinto esiyaziyo namhlanje njengeNyakatho Melika kunye ne-Eurasia, inika iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana ezincancisayo njengoko iimeko zokusingqongileyo zitshintshile kubo bonke.
IJoloji yeJurassic
Eli xesha lejoloji lahlulwe ikakhulu langezantsi, phakathi kunye nangaphezulu. La maxesha aziwayo ngaphakathi kwethuba elithile. Inikwe amagama athi Lias, Dogger, kunye neMalm. Ngexesha leJurassic inqanaba lolwandle lafumana utshintsho oluncinci kodwa kuphela ngaphakathi. Sele ikwindawo ephezulu yeJurassic, ezinye izinto ezikhawulezayo ezinokubonwa zingaqwalaselwa kumcimbi wexesha okhokelele ekunyukeni komgangatho wolwandle, obangela ukukhukula kwemimandla emikhulu eMntla Melika naseYurophu.
Ngeli xesha sinokwalatha amaphondo amabini e-biogeographic akhiwe kule nto siyaziyo namhlanje njengeYurophu. Enye yaziwa ngokuba yiTethys emazantsi enye ibora emantla. Zonke iingqaqa zekorale kuye kwafuneka zithintelwe ubukhulu becala kwiphondo laseTethys. Utshintsho olwalukho phakathi kwala maphondo mabini lwalukule ndawo ngoku iyiPeninsula yaseIberia.
Ingxelo yejoloji yexesha leJurassic ilungile, ngakumbi kwintshona yeYurophu. Kwaye kule ndawo yelizwekazi bekukho ukulandelelana okubanzi kolwandle okubonisa ixesha apho uninzi lwelizwekazi lalitshone ngaphantsi kweelwandle zetropiki ezinobunzulu obuncinci. Ngenxa yodumo lokuba ezi ndawo zingene nzulu zibonakala, yaziwa njengeLifa leMveli leNxweme laseJurassic kunye ne-lagerstätten yaseHolzmaden neSolnhofen.
Imozulu yeJurassic
Ngeli xesha, izityalo ezaziqhelene nemozulu eshushu zezona zazisasazeka phantse kuwo wonke umhlaba. Ezi zityalo zikwazile ukwandisa ukuya kuma kwi-60 degrees latitude. Zombini iintyatyambo ezazingezikaGondwana cleavage emazantsi, emantla eSiberia zazibandakanya amaqela aliqela eeferns akwaziyo ukumelana neqabaka eziqinileyo. Namhlanje, izihlobo zala ma-ferns azikwazi ukwenza imodeli yeqabaka kunye namaqondo asezantsi rhoqo.
Konke oku kubukho bamaqondo obushushu aphezulu kubangele ukuba imbonakalo yeJurassic yayityebile kutyani kunaleyo yeTriassic. Ngokukodwa, kwakukho ubuninzi bezityalo ezininzi kwiindawo eziphezulu. Kuba kwakushushu kakhulu kwaye imozulu efumileyo ivunyelwe ukuba inabele kuwo onke amahlathi, amahlathi kunye namahlathi enza isixa esikhulu sendawo ebonakalayo kwiifilimu zeJurassic. Yile ndlela amahlathi aqala ngayo ukusasazeka kuwo wonke umhlaba kunye neentsapho ezinje ngee-conifers ezifanayo zemipayini kunye neearaucarias, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeferns kunye nemithi yesundu. Ngokuqinisekileyo zonke ezi ndawo zigcwele izityalo ziyakukhumbula iifilimu zeJurassic.
Iintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana
Ngexesha leJurassic, iintyatyambo zazinokubaluleka kwehlabathi, ngakumbi kwiindawo eziphezulu. Kwakungekho kuphela amahlathi asemhlabeni azele zii-conifers kunye neeferns ezininzi, kodwa i-ginkgoes kunye ne-horsetails zazikho. Ngeli xesha, izityalo ezine-inflorescence azikabonakali. Siyakhumbula ukuba, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ezona zityalo zixhaphakileyo kwihlabathi liphela zingamalungu eqela lokuzivocavoca, okt ezo zingenazo iintyatyambo.
Ukwahlulwa ngokwahlukeneyo kweentyatyambo kuwo wonke umhlaba womhlaba kukubonakalisa okuyinyani kokwahlulahlula okukhoyo phakathi kwemimandla yeikhweyitha nomntla. Ukuphuhliswa kweenyamakazi ezahluliweyo kubangelwe bubukho bezithintelo zolwandle ezininzi ezazikho phakathi komantla nomzantsi. Ezi zithintelo zolwandle zabekwa ngobushushu obuphezulu obuphuma kwinxalenye enkulu yepali ukuya kwi-Equator. Ezi gradients ze-thermal zazingathambekiyo njengokuba zinjalo namhlanje nangona kungekho bungqina bomkhenkce obandayo ngexesha leJurassic. Oku kuthetha ukuba intelekelelo yokuba amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kwaye ingunobangela wokusasazeka kolu hlobo lwezityalo iyaqinisekiswa ngakumbi.
Iintyatyambo ezazikude neikhweyitha zingqinelana nezityalo zemimandla eshushu kwaye zonke ezi ndawo zeJurassic zabizwa ngegama leCycadophyta. Amahlathi aseGinkgo kunye nee-conifers ezimbini zazijonga umhlaba wonke. Ubomi bemihla ngemihla buhlala kodwa izityalo eziyinyani zangoku bezingekho. Kwakunjalo nangemithi yomthi onzima.
Ngokubhekisele kwizilwanyana, iidinosaurs zisasazeke kwizinga lehlabathi ngeli xesha, zizilwanyana ezaziphambili kwiplanethi ngeli xesha liphela.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga neJurassic.