Umntu ebesoloko enomdla okhethekileyo kwiplanethi kwinkqubo yethu yelanga. Iplanethi nguMars. Ibizwa ngokuba yiplanethi ebomvu ngombala wayo. Yayenye yeeplanethi zokuqala ukuba zijongwe ngeteleskopu kwaye ukusuka embindini wenkulungwane ye-XNUMX yaqala ukuqikelela malunga nobukho obunokubakho bobomi basemhlabeni. Izazinzulu ezininzi zichaze ubukho bamashaneli enzelwe ukuhambisa amanzi ekuthiwa aluncedo kwimpucuko.
IMars yenye yeeplanethi eziphandwe kakhulu kwaye malunga nolwazi oluthe kratya ngazo. Ngaba uyafuna ukufunda yonke into malunga neplanethi kaMars? Kule posi siza kuyihlalutya ngokupheleleyo. Qhubeka ufunda kwaye uyakufumanisa yonke into 🙂
Iimpawu zeMars
IMars yeeplanethi ezine ezinamatye esistim elanga. Ukufana kwayo neplanethi yethu iye yanempembelelo enkulu kwinkolelo yobomi bukaMartha. Umphezulu weplanethi uneendlela ezahlukeneyo ezisisigxina kunye neepar caps ezingenakwenziwa ngumkhenkce oyinyani. Yenziwe ngumaleko weqabaka ekunokwenzeka ukuba wenziwe ngumkhenkce owomileyo.
Ngenye yeeplanethi ezincinci kwinkqubo yethu yelanga kwaye ineesathelayithi ezimbini: I-Phobos kunye ne-Deimos. Kwakukho ukhenketho oluya eMars ngomkhumbi-mkhathi oLwandle 4. Kuyo, ukukhanya kunye namabala amnyama aqatshelwa, ke oososayensi baqikelela ubukho bamanzi ngaphezulu. Okwangoku kucingelwa ukuba bekukho izikhukula ezinkulu emhlabeni malunga neminyaka ezizigidi ezi-3,5 eyadlulayo. Kwiminyaka nje embalwa edlulileyo, ngo-2015, i-NASA yaqinisekisa ubungqina bobukho bamanzi anetyuwa anamanzi.
Kuphela iplanethi yemekyuri incinci kuneMars. Ngenxa yokuthambeka kwe-axis yokujikeleza, ifumana amaxesha onyaka njengoMhlaba kwaye ayahluka kubude ngenxa ye-elliptical orbit. Zombini iisathelayithi zafunyanwa ngo-1877 kwaye azinamakhonkco.
Ukujikeleza kwayo kujikeleze iLanga ithatha iintsuku ezingama-687 emhlabeni. Ixesha lokujikeleza elisecaleni liintsuku ezili-1.026 zomhlaba okanye iiyure ezingama-24.623, zinde nje kancinci kunexesha lokujikeleza komhlaba. Ke, usuku lweMartian lumalunga nesiqingatha seyure ubude kunosuku loMhlaba.
Ubume bejoloji
Ubukhulu ngu I-6792 km, ubunzima bayo be-6.4169 x 1023 kg kunye noxinano lwe-3.934 g / cm3. Ihlala kumthamo we-1.63116 X 1011 km3. Yiplanethi enamatye njengazo zonke iiplanethi ze-telluric. Umphezulu womhlaba ubonakalisa iimpawu zempembelelo ngokuchasene nezinye izidalwa zasezulwini. I-volcanism kunye nokuhamba koqweqwe lomhlaba zizinto ezinxulunyaniswe nomoya wayo (njengezaqhwithi zothuli). Zonke ezi zinto bezitshintsha kwaye ziguqula umphezulu.
Isiteketiso somhlaba obomvu sinenkcazo elula. Umhlaba weMars unexabiso elikhulu lezimbiwa zentsimbi ezixhuma kwaye zinike umbala obomvu obonakala ngokucacileyo kuMhlaba. Amabala abukhali eMars aququzelele kakhulu ukubonwa kunye nokubalwa kwamaxesha okujikeleza.
Iitectonics zayo zinendawo emi nkqo. Kukho iziqwenga zomkhenkce osemazantsi, iintaba-mlilo, iintlambo neentlango. Ukongeza, ubungqina bufunyenwe ngokhukuliseko lomhlaba oluhlaselwe yimingxuma ezaliswe luthuli oluthuthwe zizitshingitshane. Bakhubazekile ngokwanda kunye nokuncipha okubangelwa kukutshintsha kobushushu obomeleleyo. Likhaya kwiNtaba iOlimpus, eyona volcano inkulu kwiplanethi kwiNkqubo yeLanga, ngokunjalo Ixabiso leMarineris, enye yeenkonxa ezinkulu nezona zibukekayo ezibonwe yindoda leyo, enobude obulinganayo nomgama ophakathi kweNew York neLos Angeles (United States).
Umoya weMars
Kwelinye icala, siza kuvavanya kakuhle imeko-bume. Sifumana imeko entle necocekileyo. Yenziwe yicarbon dioxide, initrogen, kunye neArgon. Ukuchaneka okungaphezulu, imeko-bume yenziwa I-96% i-CO2, i-2% ye-argon, i-2% ye-nitrogen kunye ne-1% yezinye izinto. Njengoko ubona, akukho oksijini kwi-atmosfera ye-Mars, ke ubomi abunakubakho njengoko sisazi.
Ubukhulu bukaMars buphantse babulingana nesiqingatha soMhlaba. Isiphekepheke sokuqala esaphumelela umsebenzi waso sabizwa ngokuba yiMarine 4 (ekhankanywe ngaphambili). Ukukunika umbono wexesha eliza kuthatha ukuya eMars kwiplanethi yethu, kukho umgama oziikhilomitha ezingama-229 ezigidi.
Idatha enomdla
Nalu uqhelaniso lwezinto ezinomdla ngale planethi kunye neyethu:
- Eyona nto ikufutshane kuMars esinayo eMhlabeni yiAntarctica. Yindawo ekuphela kwayo emangalisayo apho unokufumana khona iindawo ezisentlango ezinomkhenkce omninzi.
- Siyazi ukuba iplanethi ebomvu kunye neyethu zivela kuthotho lokothuka kwendalo. Ebunjiweyo zii-asteroid ezinkulu ezivela kwiibhiliyoni zeminyaka eyadlulayo. La maqhekeza ashiyeke kwiimpembelelo zeMars agqibe ukujikeleza yonke inkqubo yelanga kwizigidi zeminyaka, ekhokelwa yimikhosi yomxhuzulane yezinye iiplanethi. Le yindlela abaphele ngayo apha emhlabeni.
- Kunobunzima obuncinci kwiplanethi ebomvu kunaseMhlabeni. Le datha inomdla, kodwa icacile, kuba ubunzima bayo buncinci. Kukho i-62% encinci yomxhuzulane kuneplanethi yethu. Umntu onobunzima obuyi-100 kg eMhlabeni uyakuba nobunzima obungama-40 kg apho.
- UMars unamaxesha ama-4 kanye njengoMhlaba. Njengoko kusenzeka apha, intwasahlobo, ihlobo, ukuwa kunye nobusika ngamaxesha amane eplanethi ebomvu. Umahluko ngokubhekisele kwinto esiqhele ukuyibona bubude bexesha ngalinye lonyaka. KwiNyakatho yeNtlabathi, intwasahlobo kaMartian ihlala iinyanga ezisi-7 kunye nehlobo le-6, kodwa ukuwa kunye nobusika kuyahluka ngamaxesha amancinci.
- Kubekho ifayile ye- Utshintsho lwemozulu eMars kanye njengokuba bekukho eMhlabeni.
Njengoko ubona, le planethi yenye yezona zifundwe kakhulu luluntu lwenzululwazi ngenkolelo yokuba inokubamba ubomi bezinto ezingaphandle komhlaba kunye neplanethi enokuthi ikwazi ukufudukela kwimeko apho iplanethi yethu ifikelele kumda. Kwaye wena, ucinga ukuba ubomi buya kufumaneka kwiplanethi iMars?