UMars lihlabathi elinomkhenkce namhlanje. Nangona kunjalo, kuyo yonke imbali ibinamaxesha obushushu obungcono apho imilambo kunye neelwandle zihamba khona, zinamaqhwa anyibilikileyo, kwaye mhlawumbi babukhona ubomi ngobuninzi.
Nangona kunjalo, namhlanje, iMars inomhlaba obharhileyo apho isixa samanzi esesibhakabhakeni saso sihlala sigungxana kwiqabaka, ngakumbi kufutshane nepali yasemantla. Kuloo ndawo lenza iiqhwa ezingapheliyo. Kwenzeka ntoni kwimozulu yeMars?
Umphezulu kunye nomoya weMars
Nangona kubonakala ngathi ayizange ibonwe, nangona i-CO2 igcina ubushushu, kwingingqi yezibonda ezisemazantsi eplanethi iMars, Iindawo ezininzi ze-CO2 ezinqabileyo zihlala. Umphezulu wale planethi awubonakalisi zimpawu zamanzi, ngaphandle kweendawo ezinqabileyo okanye ngohlobo lweentlambo ezivulwe zizikhukula ezindala.
Umoya we-Mars uyabanda, womile, kwaye unqabile. Esi sigqubuthelo sibhityileyo, esenziwe ikakhulu yi-CO2, senza uxinzelelo kumphezulu ingaphantsi kwe-1% leyo ibhaliswe eMhlabeni kwinqanaba lolwandle. I-orbit ye-Mars ngama-50% ngaphezulu ukusuka eLangeni kuneplanethi yethu. Ukongeza, imeko-bume ejikeleze intle kakhulu, enegalelo kule mozulu ibanda. Amaqondo obushushu aphakathi -60 degrees, afikelela kumaqondo obushushu ayi -123 degrees kwizibonda.
Ngokuchasene noko iplanethi venus . Ilanga lasemini liyakwazi ukufudumeza umhlaba ngokwaneleyo ukuze likwazi ukuvelisa ukunyibilika maxa wambi, kodwa uxinzelelo oluphantsi lomoya lubangela ukuba amanzi anyuke umphunga phantse kwangoko.
Nangona iatmosfera iqulethe isixa esincinci samanzi kwaye ngamanye amaxesha amafu amanzi kunye neqhwa ayenzeka, imozulu yeMartian ibonakaliswa ziinkqwithela zesanti okanye iigalesi zecarbon dioxide. Nasebusika qho, kukho enye yezibonda ngeqhwa elinomkhenkce wecarbon dioxide, nanjengoko icarbon diokside ebandayo iphuma komnye umthi, Iimitha ezininzi zelo qhwa lomileyo lomkhenkce liyaqokelelana. Kodwa nakwipali apho kusehlotyeni kwaye ilanga likhanya imini yonke, amaqondo obushushu anyuka kakhulu ade anyibilike loo manzi abandayo.
Ixesha elidlulileyo leMars
Uninzi lwemingxunya eseMars ikhukuliseke kakhulu. Kujikeleze phantse yonke eyona mingxuma mincinci uyibonayo izakhiwo ezifana nodaka olubalekayo. Ezi ntaka zinodaka kusenokwenzeka ukuba ziintsalela zomkhenkce zantlango zamandulo, ukungqubana kwee-asteroid okanye ii-comets ezinobuso beMars, ezazinyibilikisa iindawo zeqabaka yomkhenkce zaze zahombisa imingxunya emikhulu nzulu phantsi komhlaba kwiindawo ezinamanzi angamanzi.
Ubungqina bufunyenwe ukuba ngaxa lithile umkhenkce wawusenziwa phezu komhlaba owawudala ubuhle benkangeleko yomkhenkce. Oku kubandakanya imimango enamatye eyenziwe ziintsalela ezishiyekileyo kwimida yazo ngokunyibilika komkhenkce, kunye neebhanti zesanti kunye negrabile ezifakwe phantsi komkhenkce yimilambo ehamba ngaphantsi komkhenkce.
Kungenzeka ukuba umjikelo wamanzi eMars unezinto ezikwiziqendu ezimanzi. Umoya oxineneyo unokuqulatha isixa esikhulu samanzi sumphunga kumachibi nakwiilwandle. Umphunga wamanzi wawunokudibana wenze amafu kwaye ekugqibeleni wawuya kuba yimvula. Amanzi awayo aya kudala ukubaleka kwamanzi kwaye uninzi lwawo lwaluza kugqobhozela ngaphezulu. Kwelinye icala, iingxangxasi zekhephu zazinokuqokelela amaqhekeza omkhenkce, kwaye la manzi ayewaphosa kumachibi omkhenkce.
Eminye yemifanekiso ethathwe kuMars ityhila ubukho bemijelo emikhulu yokuhambisa amanzi eqhekezwe ngaphezulu. Ezinye zezi zakhiwo zingaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezingama-200 ububanzi kwaye zolule iikhilomitha ezingama-2000 XNUMX okanye nangaphezulu. Ijiyometri yale mijelo yokuhambisa amanzi ibonisa ukuba amanzi ebenokuwela umphezulu ongekho ngaphantsi malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-270 ngeyure.
Ulwandle olulahlekileyo?
Kwezinye iindawo eziphakamileyo zeMars kukho iinkqubo ezibanzi zeentlambo ezikhuphela kwindawo yokudakumba esezantsi, iindawo ezisezantsi ezazikhe zakhukhula ngamanzi. Kodwa la machibi ayengengawo awona mqumba mkhulu wamanzi emhlabeni. Kwizikhukula eziphindaphindayo, imijelo yokuhambisa amanzi ikhutshelwa ngasentla yaza yenziwa njalo uthotho lwamachibi kunye neelwandle ezidlulayo. Njengoko kunokuchazwa kwiifoto, uninzi lwezinto eziqwalaselweyo zijikeleze ezi zitya zindala ziphawula iindawo apho amagqabantshintshi e-glaciers akhutshelwa kulawo manzi anzulu amanzi.
Ngokwezibalo ezahlukeneyo, olona lwandle lukhulu kumantla eMars lwalunokufudusa isixa esilingana neso IGulf of Mexico kunye noLwandle lweMeditera kunye. Kukho nokuba kungenzeka ukuba ulwandle lwalukhona kwi-Mars. Ubungqina boku busekelwe kwinto yokuba uninzi lweempawu zamathafa asemantla zazikhumbuza ukukhukhuka konxweme. Olu lwandle lubizwa ngokuba yiBorealis Ocean. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ingaphindeka kane kuLwandlekazi lweArctic kwaye imodeli yomjikelo wamanzi eMars yacetyiswa enokuthi ichaze indalo yayo.
Namhlanje, uninzi lweengcali zeeplanethi ziyayamkela into yokuba imizimba emikhulu yamanzi ephindaphindayo yenziwa kumathafa asentla eMars, kodwa abaninzi bayaliphika elokuba kwabakho ulwandle lwenene.
Utshintsho lwemozulu
Kwi-Mars encinci, ukhukuliseko olunamandla lwalunokwenzeka, luguqula umphezulu. Kodwa kamva, njengoko wayeqhubela phambili ukuya kubudala obuphakathi, ubuso bakhe babanda, bomile kwaye banezilonda. Ukusukela ngoko kuyakubakho kuphela amaxesha ambalwa asasazekileyo okuhlaziya umphezulu wawo kwiindawo ezithile.
Nangona kunjalo, indlela etshintsha phakathi kolawulo oluthambileyo nolukrakra kwiMars ihlala iyimfihlakalo. Okwangoku, zininkcazo nje ezincinci zokuba olu tshintsho lwemozulu lunokwenzeka njani olunokuthi luqhubeke.
Enye yeengcinga zotshintsho lwemozulu kwi-Mars isekwe kutyekelo lokujikeleza kwe-axis kwindawo yayo efanelekileyo, ejikeleze inqwelomoya ejikelezayo. Njengomhlaba, UMars ngoku uthambekile malunga nama-24 degrees. Olu tyekelo luyahluka ngokuhamba kwexesha. I-incline nayo iyatshintsha kabukhali. Rhoqo emva kweminyaka eyi-10 yezigidi okanye njalo, umahluko we-axis ethambekayo ugquma ngokufikelela kuma-60 degrees. Kwangokunjalo, ukuqhelaniswa kwe-axis ethambekileyo kunye nokumila kwe-orbit ye-Mars kuyatshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngokomjikelo.
Ezi ndlela zasesibhakabhakeni, ngakumbi imeko yokujikeleza kwe-axis ukujikeleza ngokugqithileyo, kubangela ubushushu obugqithisileyo bamaxesha onyaka. Ngaphandle komoya onqabileyo onje ngokugubungela iplanethi namhlanje, amaqondo obushushu ehlotyeni embindini kunye nasezintabeni eziphezulu ngebengagqithisile kwinqanaba lokubanda kangangeeveki ngexesha lobunzima obukhulu, kwaye ubusika ngebube nzima nangakumbi kunanamhlanje.
Noko ke, ngokufudumala okwaneleyo kwenye yezibonda ehlotyeni, umoya ojikeleze umhlaba umele ukuba utshintshe kakhulu. Kungenzeka ukuba ukukhutshwa kweegesi kwi-ice cap, ukusuka kumanzi angaphantsi komhlaba okanye i-permafrost ecebile kwi-carbon dioxide, yenze i-atmospheric ngokwaneleyo ukuze ivelise imozulu yokushisa. Ngaphantsi kwezi meko kunokubakho amanzi ngaphezulu. Ukuphendulwa kweekhemikhali zamanzi kuya kuthi, emva koko, kwenziwe kula maxesha afudumeleyo ityuwa kunye namatye e-carbonate; Inkqubo iyakususa kancinci icarbon dioxide emoyeni kwaye ngenxa yoko inciphise iflu greenhouse. Ukubuyela kumanqanaba okumodareyitha okunyanzela kuya kuyipholisa iplanethi kunye nokunciphisa ikhephu elomileyo lomkhenkce, ukuqhubela phambili ukunciphisa umoya ojikeleze umhlaba kunye nokubuyisela iMars kwimeko yayo eqhelekileyo yomkhenkce.