El inyikima eMorocco ULwesihlanu ophelileyo mhlawumbi ngowona wona wawutshabalalisayo kwimbali yelo lizwe. Noko ke, eyona nto itsala ingqalelo yeengcali bubunzulu bayo, ingeyiyo into yokuba yenzeka.
Isizwe sase-Alawite sifumaneka kwindawo ingozi yeenyikima, njengoko siza kuchaza ngezantsi. Kodwa, ngaphezu koko, hayi namandla oku inyikima iyamangalisa. Ngo-2004, ilizwe laseAfrika laphinda labandezeleka I-6,4 degrees kwisikali sikaRichter yaye, ngowe-1960, isixeko sase Agadir ibhalisiwe enye ye 5,8 nto leyo eyashiya amaxhoba angapha kweshumi elinesibini lamawaka. Ke ngoko, inyikima yaseMorocco ngoLwesihlanu odlulileyo ayimangalisi. Kodwa kwakutheni ukuze kwenzeke? Sikubonisa ngezantsi.
Iimbangela zenyikima eMorocco
Njengezinye iindawo zeplanethi yethu, iMorocco iphantsi kwempembelelo yamandla anamandla etectonic athi ngamanye amaxesha akhulule amandla abangela iinyikima. Ngokukodwa, kukho kufutshane nokudibana kwamacwecwe amabini etectonic: iAfrika kunye neEurasia.
Eyokuqala iquka iindawo ezinkulu zelizwekazi laseAfrika ngokwalo kunye nolwandle lweAtlantiki nolwaseIndiya. Ngokwenxalenye yayo, eyesibini isuka kwiAtlantiki ukuya kumantla ePasifiki, iquka indawo elungileyo yeYurophu neAsia. Ngaphezu koko, kwindawo yoLwandle lweMeditera, i-plate yaseAfrika ihlala ihambela ngasenyakatho kwaye oku kubangela ukungqubana ne-Eurasia.
Oku kuhlangana kubangele iziganeko ezahlukeneyo zejoloji ezifana nokwakheka kweentaba okanye ukwenzeka kwentaba-mlilo. Umzekelo, kuye kwaba yimfuneko ekuveleni kwe IiAlps kwaye inefuthe kwimisebenzi yeentaba-mlilo Italia. Kodwa, ukongeza, ukusebenzisana rhoqo phakathi kweeplati zombini kuphakamisa, ngokuchanekileyo, kwiinyikima ezifana nolwesiHlanu odlulileyo.
Yayinjani inyikima? Ubunzulu kunye ne-epicenter
Inyikima etshabalalisayo eliye lathwaxwa ngayo ilizwe laseAfrika ibe ne ubukhulu be-6,8 kwisikali se-Richter. Oku kubonakaliswe yi UPhando lweJoloji lwase-United States, eliye laphinda labalaselisa ukuba ngowona mmandla unamandla oye wabandezeleka ukususela ngowe-1900. Noko ke, njengoko sibonile, kungekhona ngomahluko omkhulu, ekubeni owama-2004 wawungaphantsi kwesine kuphela eshumini. Ngaphezu koko, malunga nemizuzu engamashumi amabini emva kwenyikima yokuqala, kwabakho i-4,8 degree aftershock.
Ubhubhani wawumalunga neekhilomitha ezingamashumi asixhenxe kumzantsi-ntshona wesixeko sase Marrakeki, ngokukodwa ngokupheleleyo iintaba zeatlasi. Njengoko usazi, eli gama linikwe kwinqanaba phezu komhlaba phezu komhlaba i-hypocenter okanye ingqalelo yangaphakathi yelizwe apho inyikima yenzeke khona. Ngoko ke, yeyona ndawo ichaphazelekayo. Le meko iye yabangela ukuba kubekho amaxhoba angakumbi, ekubeni izakhiwo ezikuloo mmandla zazingalungiselelwanga iinyikima.
Enyanisweni, ubukhulu benyikima babungenamandla njengezinye. Umzekelo, ukuba Chile ka-2010 wayenayo I-8,8 degrees kwaye kwenzeka ntoni Ulwandlekazi lwaseIndiya Ngo-2004 ifikelele kumandla 9,3. Nangona kunjalo, olona bundlobongela lurekhodiweyo lwenzeka kwidolophu yaseChile Valdivia ngowe-1960 I-9,5 degrees kwisikali seRichter.
Emva koko uya kuzibuza ukuba kutheni ukuqhambuka kweMorocco ngoLwesihlanu odlulileyo kubi kangaka. Ngokutsho kweengcali, unobangela uye waba ubunzulu obunzulu be-hypocenter okanye ugqaliselo. Le ndawo yayikumgama oziikhilomitha ezisi-8,5 kuphela ngaphantsi komhlaba. Kwaye okukhona bunzulu, kokukhona amaza enyikima esiba ngakumbi kwaye nomonakalo kumphezulu uyancipha.
Kodwa esinye isizathu somonakalo obangelwe yinyikima, esiza kukuxelela ngayo kamva, sinento yokwenza noku. intlupheko yendawo. Njengoko sanixelelayo, izindlu ezintabeni IAtlas ephezulu Abazilungiselelanga iinyikima. Zizo zakhiwo ze-adobe kunye nodaka. Yaye, eyona nto imbi ngakumbi kukuba, inyikima yenzeka ebusuku, xa uninzi lwabemi bayo lwalungaphakathi kuyo.
Imiphumo ebuhlungu yenyikima yaseMorocco
Ngokweenkcukacha zamva nje, inyikima kwilizwe laseAfrika ibangele phantse amawaka amathathu abulalayo kwaye malunga namawaka amabini anamakhulu amahlanu enzakele apho ishumi elinesihlanu lamakhulu anzima. Nangona kunjalo, la ngamanani ethutyana. Enyanisweni, abasemagunyeni kwilizwe laseAlawite baqinisekile ukuba abantu abaninzi baye bafa.
Kukho iilali ezininzi ezisemagqagaleni kwiiNtaba zeAtlas ezingekafikeleli nokufikelelwa ngenxa yokuba iindlela zivaliwe. Kuzo, njengoko sitshilo, ibe yi-epicenter yenyikima, ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba abantu abaninzi baye bavalelwa phantsi kwe-rubble. Enyanisweni, umkhosi welizwe uxakekile kule mihla vula ezi ndlela ukuzisa ukutya namanzi kwabo bachaphazelekayo. Ke ngoko, kuya kufuneka silinde ixeshana ukuze sazi imilinganiselo yokwenyani yentlekele. Ngethamsanqa, uncedo lwamazwe ngamazwe luye lwaqala ukufika eMorocco, abasemagunyeni bavakalise iintsuku ezintathu zokuzila kwesizwe.
Ngokukodwa ngakumbi, iindawo zelizwe eziye zafumana umonakalo omkhulu zezo zijikeleze izixeko ze Marrakech, Ouarzazate, Azilal, Taroudant kunye neChichaoua. Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zenyikima ziye zavakala kwindawo ekufutshane Algeria kwaye wethu Iziqithi zeCanary. Kukhe kwakho iindawo ezithile Western Andalusia ukuba baye babaqaphela. Kwaye oku kusikhokelela ekubeni sizibuze ukuba inyikima yezi mpawu inokwenzeka España.
Umngcipheko wenyikima eSpain
Ilizwe lethu likwakufuphi ekudibaneni kwamacwecwe aseAfrika nase-Eurasia. Ke ngoko, ngenxa yokusebenzisana kwabo, kunokuvuswa umsebenzi wenyikima eSpain. Nangona kunjalo, INational Geographic Institute ijonga lo mngcipheko "uphakathi". Kwimeko yethu, ukuphuka phakathi kweeplate ezisuka Azores phezulu Tunisia ukugqitha Gilbhraltha.
Ngenxa yoko, iindawo ezinomsebenzi omkhulu wenyikima kwisizwe sethu zezo zisemazantsi nasempuma. Ngokuthe ngqo, kunjalo amaphondo aseGranada naseAlmería, apho, ukongeza, iitectonic microplates ezininzi zisebenza. Kwaye, ekubeni ungenako ukuqikelela ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba inyikima iya kwenzeka nini, kubalulekile ukuba ezi ndawo zibe nokhuseleko olwaneleyo kuyo.
Ukuqukumbela, inyikima yasemorocco Kuye kwaba nemiphumo ebuhlungu kubemi. Okwangoku, kuphela idatha yethutyana eyaziwayo, njengoko iindawo ezininzi zisahleli zodwa. Nangona kunjalo, lonke uncedo esiluthumelayo luya kuba luncinci. Yiba nesibindi sokunikela.