Bekusoloko kukho umdla omkhulu wokwazi ekuphela kwesatellite esinayo njengenyanga. Isathelayithi yethu yendalo inomgama ophakathi kwiplanethi yethu engama-384,403 km. Kwaye lelinye icala leNyanga alibonakali emhlabeni ngoko ke akunakwenzeka ukuba uthathe imifanekiso yobuso ngaphandle kokusebenzisa indawo yesithuba. Enye yezinto ezibangela umdla ezitsala ingqalelo enkulu yile imingxunya enyangeni.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ngazo zonke iimpawu, ukwakheka kunye nomdla weekreyiti ezisenyangeni.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Masiqale sihlalutye ezinye zeempawu kwaye sibe nesathelayithi yethu yendalo ukuze sikwazi ukuqonda yonke into ngokubhekisele kwimingxunya esenyangeni. Ububanzi beli sethelayithi ziikhilomitha ezingama-3474. Icala elimnyama lenyanga lahlukile kubuso, zombini ngokwe-avareji yokuphakama kunye nenqanaba lokwakheka kwezinto ezibalulekileyo. Uninzi lweefoto ezinefuthe kubabukeli kumphezulu wenyanga ezithunyelwa enkosi kwizithuba zesithuba zivela kwicala elingabonakaliyo kwiplanethi yethu.
Imvelaphi yenyanga ibisoloko ingumbandela wengxoxo yesayensi. Kukho iingcamango ezahlukeneyo malunga nokuyilwa kwayo kwaye konke kubhenela kuhlalutyo lwamatye enyanga ukubona ukuba zinokunikwa ithiyori ezinomdla. Izinto ezenza amatye zivela kwisambatho sezinto ezinkulu zeplanethi. Umzekelo, ukusuka kungqubano lwezi zinto ngokuhamba okukhulu komhlaba omncinci kakhulu kunye nolwazi.
Kwaye ukuba inyanga inokuba nemvelaphi yayo ngenxa yokwanda kwezinto ezigxothiweyo ngexesha lobunzima obukhulu. Ekuqaleni kokudalwa kweplanethi yethu yafumana ukungqubana okukhulu neplanethi elingana ne Marte, ekwahlulahlula phakathi kongqameko, ukuthanda uqweqwe lomhlaba. Ukungqubana kwenzeka ngecala elithile lempembelelo kunye nesantya esiphezulu esenza ukuba ii-cores zentsimbi zinyibilike. Nangona i-nuclei ize idibane, iimpahla zengubo yezinto ezimbini zagxothwa, nangona ibotshelelwe emhlabeni ngamandla womxhuzulane. Uninzi lwezixhobo ezisenyangeni zizinto ezinokuthi zihlanganiswe ngokuthe ngcembe ngento enokuba yisathelayithi namhlanje.
Iikhrasi enyangeni
Oososayensi bahlala befunda ngobudala bamatye kwiplanethi nakwinyanga. La matye avela kwimimandla etyikityiweyo ebikwazile ukubona ukuba zenziwa nini na ezi nqwelo. Ngokufunda zonke iindawo ezikhanyayo ngombala enyangeni nezaziwa ngokuba ziithafa, izazinzulu zifumene ulwazi malunga nokwakheka kwenyanga. Kwaye yenziwa malunga ne-4.600 ukuya kwi-3.800 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, kwaye amanye amatye awela phezu kwenyanga axela ukuba ukwenziwa kuyakhawuleza. Imvula yamatye iyayeka kwaye ukusukela ngoko baye benza iicrater ezimbalwa.
Ezinye iisampulu zamatye eziye zakhutshwa kula mingxuma ziye zabizwa ngokuba ziibhasiki kwaye zibeka iminyaka emalunga neminyaka engama-3.800 ukuya kuma-3.100 ezigidi zeminyaka. Kukho iisampulu zezinto ezinkulu ezinokufana neeasteroids, ezibetha inyanga kanye njengoko imvula enamatye imileyo.
Kungekudala emva kwezi ziganeko, lava eninzi yakwazi ukuzalisa zonke izitya kwaye yazisa ulwandle olumnyama. Oku kuchaza ukuba kutheni kukho iikratshi ezimbalwa elwandle kwaye, endaweni yoko, zimbalwa zazo kumathafa aphakamileyo. Kwaye kukuba kumathafa akubangakho mlambo mningi uqulethe uxanduva lokucinywa kwemingxuma yokuqala xa umphezulu wenyanga wawubethwa zezi zijikelezi langa ngexesha lokusekwa inkqubo yelanga.
Elona cala lenyanga line "mazi yehashe" enye kuphela ke zizazinzulu Bacinga ukuba le ndawo imelwe kukuhamba kwenyanga kwiminyaka eziibhiliyoni ezi-4.000 eyadlulayo.
Ijografi yenyanga
Ukuze sifunde iikreyati enyangeni, kufuneka sazi iJografi yenyanga. Namathafa ahlukeneyo athe tyaba okanye ebeyinxalenye yolwandle. Njengoko kulindelwe, iilwandle zibekhona kwisathelayithi yenyanga. Eyona inkulu kuzo - Mare Imbrium, Yaziwa ngeSpanish ngegama lolwandle lwemvula, enobubanzi obumalunga neekhilomitha ezili-1120.
Kukho malunga ne-20 yobubi ebaluleke kakhulu kwicala lenyanga elijonge umhlaba. Ukusukela ngoku ukuya phambili, kufuneka sahlule amacala amabini enyanga: kwelinye icala, icala elinokubonwa kwiplanethi yethu kwaye kwelinye icala icala elingabonakaliyo emhlabeni. Kwezona zilwandle zibaluleke kakhulu enyangeni yiMare Serenitatis (uLwandle lokuZola), iMare Crisium (uLwandle lweCrisis) kunye neMare Nubium (uLwandle lwamafu). Zonke ezi zinto zimbi zithathwa njengamathafa kwaye azicaba ncam. Inejografi enqunyulwe ngamawa kwaye igcwele iikhratshi enyangeni. Ngapha koko, umphezulu wezi lwandle uhlala uphazanyiswa zizenzo zamawa awahlukeneyo kunye neendonga ezithile eziphakamileyo.
Singafumana ulwandle olwahlukileyo lwenyanga olujikelezwe ziintaba ezinkulu kunye neentaba ezinikwe amagama alingana nezo zeentaba zomhlaba: iAlps, iPyrenees kunye neCarpathians. Owona mmandla uphakamileyo weentaba zenyanga yiLeibniz, eneencopho eziphakamileyo ezinokufikelela kubude beemitha ezili-9.140Oko kukuthi, ingaphezulu kweNtaba i-Everest, le yeyona iphakamileyo kwiplanethi yethu.
Kukho amawaka emingxunya enyangeni kwaye ahlala ekwazi ukugqagqana. Oku kubangela ukuba zingaphezulu kwewaka iintlambo ezinzulu ezaziwa ngokuba ziimfesane zenyanga. Ezi ntanda zihlala zinobunzulu kunye nobubanzi be phakathi kwe-16 kunye ne-482 yeekhilomitha ubude kwaye malunga neekhilomitha ezi-3 okanye ngaphantsi ububanzi. Imvelaphi yoku kuqhekeka yanikwa ngokuqhekeka kumphezulu okwenza imeko yeendawo ezibuthathaka ngakumbi ezibangelwa luhlobo oluthile lobushushu nolwandiso lwangaphakathi.
Ngolu lwazi ndiyathemba ukuba ungafunda banzi malunga nemingxunya esenyangeni kunye nomphezulu wesathelayithi yethu.