Esinye sezikali ze Ixesha lejoloji ezenza i I-Precambrian yiyo Proterozoic. Yi-Aeon eyaqala malunga neminyaka engama-2500 yezigidigidi eyadlulayo yaze yahlala kwiminyaka engama-542 yezigidi eyadlulayo. Ngeli xesha bekukho utshintsho olukhulu kwiPlanethi yoMhlaba, phakathi kwabo sidwelisa ukubonakala kwezinto zokuqala zefotosinthesisi kunye nokonyuka kweoksijini emoyeni. Oko kukuthi, ngexesha le-Eon iplanethi yethu ihambisa indawo yokuhlala.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu, i-geology, imozulu, i-flora kunye nezilwanyana ze-Proterozoic Eon.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Phakathi kweempawu eziphambili eziphambili kwiProterozoic esiyifumanayo ubukho beekratons kwiplanethi yethu. Ezi cratons aziyonto ngaphandle kwe-nuclei apho amazwekazi abekhona. Oko kukuthi, iicratons yayizizinto zokuqala ezinokuthi zenziwe zize zenziwe iishelufa zelizwekazi. Ezi cratons zenziwe ngamatye akudala. Amandulo la matye asusela kwiminyaka eyi-570 yezigidi ukuya kwi-3.5 yeminyaka ye-giga.
Olona phawu luphambili lwee cratons kukuba abahlupheki nangaluphi na uhlobo lokwaphuka kokwakhiwa kule minyaka idlulileyo. Ezi zezona ndawo zizinzileyo kuwo wonke umhlaba. Sinokubona ukuba ngexesha le-Proterozoic stromatolites zavela. Zizinto ezakhiwe ngama-microorganisms kunye ne-calcium carbonate. Ezi stromatolites zifundwe zizazinzulu ixesha elide kwaye kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba abanayo i-cyanobacteria kuphela kodwa kukwakho izinto ezinje ngomngundo, izinambuzane, ubomvu ubulembu, njl.
Ezi stromatolites zenza iirekhodi zejoloji ezibaluleke kakhulu kufundo lobomi emhlabeni. Olunye uphawu olwavezwa yiProterozoic kukwanda koxinaniso lweoksijini emoyeni. Ndiyabulela kulonyuso lweoksijini emoyeni, inokwenzeka into enkulu yebhayoloji. Ioksijini yomoya ayifikanga kwinqanaba elibalulekileyo kodwa iyaqhubeka nokunceda ekuphuculeni ukwahluka kwezinto eziphilayo.
Kwakukho umsitho omkhulu okanye omnye obaluleke kakhulu kunye nokubaluleka okubandakanya uthotho lweziganeko ezinxulumene nokwanda kweoksijini yomoya. Kwaye kukuba isixa seoksijini sigqithile kwelona xabiso liphezulu ekuphenduleni kwemichiza okwakwaziyo ukufunxa. Izinto eziphilayo zeAnaerobic zachaphazeleka ngokuthe ngqo kwaye abantu bazo baqala ukwehla.. Ezi zinto zazibizwa ngokuba yimethanogens, kuba eyona nto yayiphambili ekutyeni yayiyi-methane. Oku kunyamalala kwemethane kwaba neziphumo kwinqanaba lemozulu elenze ukuba iqondo lobushushu lehle kakhulu.
Iproterozoic Geology
Kukho ulwazi oluncinci malunga nale Eon, kodwa kuyaziwa ukuba utshintsho oluphambili lwalukwinqanaba leetekoniki zeplate. Ngelo xesha iplanethi yethu yajikeleza ngokukhawuleza kwi-axis yayo kunanamhlanje. Oku kwenza usuku eMhlabeni kuphela iiyure ezingama-20 ubude. Ngokuchasene noko, intshukumo yokuguqulela yayihamba kancinci kunangoku. Ke, unyaka opheleleyo waba ziintsuku ezingama-450.
Ulwazi olukhulu lufunyenwe ematyeni kwiProterozoic. La matye akhubazekile ngenxa yokhukuliseko komhlaba, nangona amanye enokuhlangulwa kungakhange kwenzeke naluphi na utshintsho.
Iintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana zeProterozoic
Ngeli xesha lexesha apho iintlobo zokuqala zobomi bendalo zaqala ukukhula ngakumbi emva kokubonakala kwazo ngexesha le Zakudala. Kwakungenxa yenguqu eyenzekayo emoyeni apho izinto eziphilayo zikwazi ukuhlukana kwaye zisasazeka kwintsimi. Izinto eziphilayo ngokwazo zaqala ukwenziwa kwaye izityalo nezilwanyana zecosystem nganye zaphuhliswa. Oku kungenxa yohlengahlengiso lwemfuza oluya kuthi xa isilwanyana okanye isityalo kufuneka sivumelane neemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo.
Izinto zeprokaryotic zaqala ukukhula ngexesha le-Archaic, kodwa zaphuhla ngakumbi ngexesha leProterozoic. Phakathi kwezi prokaryotic eziphilayo sifumana i-algae eluhlaza eyaziwa ngokuba yi-cyanobacteria kunye ne-bacteria ngokubanzi.
Ngexesha lokudlula kweli xesha le-Eon sinokubona ukuba izinto zokuqala ze-eukaryotic zavela esele zinenucleus echaziweyo. I-algae yokuqala eluhlaza yodidi lweChlophophytas kunye nobomvu obuluhlaza beklasi yeRodhophytas baba ngabokuqala ukuvela. Zombini iindidi ze-algae zi-multicellular kunye ne-photosynthetic. Ngokwenza ifotosinthesisi, baba negalelo ekugxothweni kweoksijini emoyeni.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba zonke izinto eziphilayo ezihlala ngexesha le-Ero Proterozoic bayenzile kwiindawo ezinamanzi. Kwaye kulwandle apho kulapho kwafunyanwa khona iimeko ezisezantsi ezazifuneka ukuze baphile.
Ngokubhekisele kwizilwanyana, singatsho ukuba ngeli xesha lexesha ezinye izinto ezikhoyo ezijongwa njengezingaguquki kangako zafunyanwa, njengeziponji. Kuyenzeka ukuba ubuyise iifosili zezilwanyana zeqela elibanzi ezikulo jellyfish, iikorale, iipolyps kunye neeanemones. Olona phawu luphambili kula maqela ezilwanyana kukuba zinolingano macala.
Ngokuqinisekileyo uvile ngoYehova Izilwanyana ze-Ediacara. Oku kukubhaqeka kweefosili ezazimele izinto eziphilayo zokuqala ezaziwayo kulo mhlaba. Amathambo eziponji kunye neeanemones kunye nezinye iintlobo ziye zabonwa ukuba zisadida iipaleontologists.
sezulu
Ekuqaleni kweProterozoic imozulu yayizinzile. Umoya ujolise kwinani elikhulu leegesi zegreenhouse, apho igesi yemethane ibonakala. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuphuhliswa kwe-cyanobacteria kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto eziphilayo ze-photosynthetic, kubangele ukukhululwa okukhulu kwe-oksijini yomoya. Oku kubangele ukuncitshiswa kwerhasi yemethane evela emoyeni ngokufa kwezinto eziphilayo ze-anaerobic. Ukunciphisa inani leegesi zegreenhouse emoyeni, ubuncinci bemitha yelanga yagcinwa, ngenxa yoko amaqondo obushushu ehlabathi ehla.
Ngexesha Proterozoic kukho glaciations ezininzi. Eyona nto yayitshabalalise yayilixesha lomkhenkce waseHuronia. Olu glaciation lwenzeka kwizigidi ezingama-2.000 XNUMX zeminyaka eyadlulayo kwaye lwakhokelela ekunyamalaleni kwezinto eziphilayo ze-anaerobic ezazikho ngelo xesha.
I-Proterozoic Aeon ikakhulu yahlulwe yangamabala amathathu: KwakunguPaleoproterozoic, yayiyiMesoproterozoic, kwaye yayiyiNeoproterozoic.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neProterozoic.