Namhlanje siza kuhamba sisiya ekuqaleni Ixesha lejoloji. I-eon yokuqala ephawula imbali yeplanethi yethu. Imalunga ne-Precambrian. Eli ligama elidala, kodwa lisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukubonisa ixesha loMhlaba ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe amatye. Siza kuhamba ekuqalekeni koMhlaba kufutshane nexesha lokwakheka kwawo. Kufunyenwe iifosili apho amanye amatye e-Precambrian abonwa. Ikwabizwa ngokuba "bubomi obumnyama."
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi yonke into enxulumene neli xesha leplanethi yethu, kule post siza kukuxelela yonke into. Kufuneka uqhubeke ufunda 🙂
Ukuqala kweplanethi
Ukuyilwa kwenkqubo yelanga
I-Precambrian igubungela phantse iipesenti ezingama-90 zembali yonke yoMhlaba. Ukuze uyifunde bhetele, yahlulwe yaziindawo ezintathu: Azoic, Archaic kunye neProterozoic. I-Precambrian eon yeyona ibandakanya lonke ixesha le-geological ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-600 ezigidi. Le eon ichaziwe njengangaphambi kwexesha leCambrian. Namhlanje, nangona kunjalo, kuyaziwa ukuba ubomi eMhlabeni baqala kwii-Archaic zakuqala kwaye izinto eziphilayo ezaye zangaphezulu zaba ninzi.
Amacandelo amabini okwahlulahlula i-Precambrian yi-Archaean kunye neProterozoic. Le yeyona indala. Amatye angaphantsi kweminyaka engama-600 yezigidi ubudala athathelwa ingqalelo ukuba angaphakathi kwePhanerozoic.
Ubude beli xesha buqala ekwakhiweni kweplanethi yethu malunga ne-4.600 yezigidigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo ukuya kuguquko lwejoloji. Kuxa ubomi bokuqala obunemibala emininzi obaziwa ngokuba yi-Cambrian Explosion babonakala ukuba i-Cambrian iqala. Oku kubhalwe malunga neminyaka engama-542 yezigidi edlulileyo.
Kukho izazinzulu ezithi ziqwalasele ubukho bexesha lesine ngaphakathi kwe-Precambrian ebizwa ngokuba yiChaotian kwaye iphambili kubo bonke abanye. Iyahambelana nexesha lokuyilwa kokuqala kwenkqubo yethu yelanga.
Azoic
Eli xesha lokuqala lenzeka phakathi kweminyaka ezi-4.600 zezigidi zokuqala kunye neebhiliyoni ezine zeminyaka emva kokusekwa kweplanethi yethu. Inkqubo yelanga ngelo xesha yayisenziwa kwilifu lothuli kunye negesi eyaziwa njenge-solar nebula. Le nebula yavelisa ii-asteroids, ii-comets, iinyanga, kunye neeplanethi.
Kucingelwa ukuba ukuba uMhlaba ungqubane neplanethi ye-Mars ekuthiwa yiTheia. Kungenzeka ukuba oku kungqubana iyakongeza i-10% yomphezulu womhlaba. Inkunkuma evela kolo ngqubano yongezwa kunye ukwenza inyanga.
Kukho amatye ambalwa kakhulu ukusuka kwixesha le-Azoic. Kushiyeke iziqwenga ezimbalwa zezimbiwa eziye zafunyanwa kumatye esanti e-Australia. Nangona kunjalo, uphando oluninzi lwenziwe ekwakhiweni kwenyanga. Bonke bagqiba kwelokuba uMhlaba wahlaselwa ziibhola ze-asteroid rhoqo kulo lonke ixesha le-Azoic.
Ngeli xesha wonke umhlaba womhlaba wawutshabalalisa. Amalwandle ayelilitye elingamanzi, isalfure ebilayo kunye nemingxunya yempembelelo kuyo yonke indawo. Iintaba-mlilo bezisebenza kuyo yonke imimandla yeplanethi. Kwakukho ishawa yamatye kunye neeasteroids ezingapheliyo. Umoya wawushushu, ungqindilili, ugcwele uthuli nothuli. Emva phaya ngekhe kubekho bomi njengoko sibaziyo namhlanje, kuba umoya wawenziwe yicarbon dioxide kunye nomphunga wamanzi. Inemikhondo ethile yenitrogen kunye nesalfure compounds.
Zakudala
Igama lithetha mandulo okanye yakudala. Lixesha eliqala malunga neminyaka eziibhiliyoni ezi-4.000 eyadlulayo. Izinto zitshintshile ukusuka kwixesha langaphambili. Uninzi lomphunga wamanzi owawusemoyeni upholile kwaye wenza ulwandle lwehlabathi. Uninzi lwekhabhon dayoksayidi nayo yajikwa yaba lilitye lekalika yaze yafakwa kumgangatho wolwandle.
Kule minyaka umoya wawenziwe nge-nitrogen kwaye isibhakabhaka sasigcwele amafu aqhelekileyo kunye nemvula. Udaka lwaqala ukuphola lwenza ulwandle. Uninzi lweentaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo zisabonisa ukuba isiseko seMhlaba sisashushu. Ezi ntaba-mlilo zazisenza iziqithi ezincinane ngelo xesha, ezazingumhlaba kuphela owawukho.
Iziqithi ezincinane zangqubana ukuze zenze ezikhulu kwaye, nazo, zangqubana zakha amazwekazi.
Ngokuphathelele ebomini, i-algae eneeseli enye kuphela yayikho emazantsi olwandle. Ubunzima bomhlaba babanele ukubamba umoya ocuthayo owenziwe ngemethane, i-ammonia kunye nezinye iigesi. Yilapho izinto ze-methanogenic zazikho. Amanzi avela kwii-comets kunye ne-hydrated minerals aguquka emoyeni. Uthotho lweemvula ezinkulu zenzeke kumanqanaba apocalyptic awadala iilwandle zokuqala zamanzi alulwelo.
Amazwekazi okuqala e-Precambrian ahlukile kwinto esiyaziyo namhlanje: zazincinci kwaye zinendawo zamatye. Akukho bomi baphila kubo. Ngenxa yokuqhubeka kwamandla womhlaba owawuncipha kwaye upholile, imikhosi yaqokelela ezantsi yaza yatyhala umhlaba ukuba unyuke. Oku kubangele ukwenziwa kweentaba eziphakamileyo kunye namathafa akhiwe ngaphezulu kweelwandle.
Proterozoic
Singene kwixesha lokugqibela le-Precambrian. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-Cryptozoic, oko kukuthi ubomi obufihliweyo. Iqale malunga ne-2.500 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Iliwa elaneleyo elenziwe kumakhaka ukuqalisa iinkqubo ezibonakalayo zejoloji. Oku kuqale iitoni zangoku zeplate.
Ngeli xesha, bekukho izinto eziphilayo zeprokaryotic kunye nolwalamano oluthile phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ubudlelwane be-symbiotic babusisigxina kwaye uguquko oluqhubekayo lwamandla lwaqhubeka nokwakha ii-chloroplast kunye ne-mitochondria. Zaziziseli zokuqala ze-eukaryotic.
Phantse i-1.200 yezigidigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, ii-tectonics zeeplate zanyanzela ilitye lekhaka ukuba lingqubane, uyila uRodinia (igama lesiRashiya elithetha "umama ongumama"), ilizwekazi lokuqala eliphambili eMhlabeni. Amanzi onxweme eli lizwekazi liphezulu ajikelezwe yi-photosynthetic algae. Inkqubo yefotosinthesisi yayongeza ioksijini emoyeni. Oku kubangele ukuba izinto ze-methanogenic zinyamalale.
Emva kwexesha elifutshane lomkhenkce, izinto eziphilayo zazinomahluko okhawulezayo. Uninzi lwezinto eziphilayo zazingama-cnidarians afana ne-jellyfish. Nje ukuba izinto ezithambileyo zenze ukuba kubekho izinto eziphilayo, i-Precambrian eon yaphela ukuqala i-eon yangoku ebizwa ngokuba yiPhanerozoic.
Ngolu lwazi uya kuba nakho ukufunda okungakumbi malunga nembali yeplanethi yethu.