Kwilizwe leenkwenkwezi, kukho abantu abenze izinto ezininzi eziguqula yonke into ebisaziwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Yile nto yenzekileyo UNicolaus Copernicus. Imalunga nesazi ngeenkwenkwezi sasePoland esazalwa ngo-1473 esakha i ithiyori yelanga. Wayengaziwa kuphela ngokuqulunqa lethiyori, kodwa ngokuqala inguquko epheleleyo kwezenzululwazi ngelo xesha ngeenkwenkwezi.
Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi okungakumbi ngoNicolás Copernicus kunye nokuxhaphaza kwakhe? Sichaza yonke into kuwe.
I-Biography
Uguquko kwi-astronomy olwaziswa nguCopernicus lubizwa ngokuba luvukelo lweCopernican. Olu tshintsho lwafikelela kubaluleka obungaphaya kommandla weenkwenkwezi kunye nesayensi. Kwaphawula isiganeko esibalulekileyo kwimbali yezimvo kunye nenkcubeko yehlabathi.
UNicolás Copernicus wazalelwa kwintsapho esisityebi enomsebenzi ophambili kwezorhwebo. Nangona kunjalo, wayeyinkedama eneminyaka eyi-10. Ejongene nesizungu, umalume wakhe ongumama wamkhathalela. Impembelelo kayisekazi yamnceda uCopernicus ukuba aphuhlise inkcubeko kwaye avuse umdla wokufuna ukwazi ngoMhlaba. Kungenxa yokuba wayenguCanon kwi-Cathedral yaseFrauenburg kunye noBhishophu waseWarmia.
Ngo-1491 wangena kwiYunivesithi yaseKrakow ngenxa yemiyalelo kayisekazi. Kucingelwa ukuba, ukuba wayengakhange abe yinkedama, uCopernicus ngekhe abe ngumrhwebi njengentsapho yakhe. Sele ehambele phambili eyunivesithi, waya e-Bologna ukuya kugqibezela uqeqesho. Wathatha ikhosi kwimithetho ye-canon kwaye wafundiswa kwi-Italian humanism. Zonke iintshukumo zenkcubeko zelo xesha zazithatha isigqibo sokuba aphefumlelwe ukuba aphuhlise ithiyori yelitha enikezela indlela yotshintsho.
Umalume wakhe wasweleka ngo-1512. UCopernicus uqhubeke nokusebenza ecaweni. Kwakukho ngo-1507 xa wayecacisa inkcazo yakhe yokuqala ye-heliocentric theory. Ngokwahlukileyo koko kwakucingwa ukuba uMhlaba sisazulu seNdalo iphela kwaye zonke iiplanethi, kubandakanya iLanga, zijikelezile, ngokuchaseneyo kwavezwa.
Ithiyori ye-Heliocentric
Kulethiyori kuyabonwa ukuba iLanga liziko le- ISistema Solar kwaye Umhlaba ujikeleza macala onke. Kule ithiyori yelanga, kwaqaliswa ukwenziwa ikopi ezininzi ezibhalwe ngesandla kwaye zahanjiswa ngabo bonke abo bafunda ngeenkwenkwezi. Ndiyabulela kule ngcamango, uNicolás Copernicus wayejongwa njengesazi seenkwenkwezi. Lonke uphando alwenzileyo kwi-Universe kwafuneka ukuba lwenziwe ngokwesiseko sale ithiyori apho iiplanethi zijikeleze iLanga.
Emva kwexesha, wagqiba ukubhala umsebenzi omkhulu owaguqula yonke into eyaziwayo ngeenkwenkwezi. Imalunga nomsebenzi kwiinguqulelo zeeorbs zezulu. Yayisisicatshulwa seenkwenkwezi esandiswa ukuze sichaze ngokweenkcukacha zonke kwaye sikhusele ithiyori yelanga. Njengoko bekulindelwe, ukuze kuvezwe ithiyori eguqula zonke iinkolelo ezikhoyo malunga noMhlaba, kwakufuneka ikhuselwe ngobungqina obunokuphikisa ithiyori.
Emsebenzini ungayibona loo nto I-Universe yayinomda ogqityiweyo kunye nokujikeleza, Apho zonke iintshukumo ezibalaseleyo bezisetyhula, kuba ibizizo zodwa ezifanelekileyo kwimeko yendalo. Kwithsisi yakhe, ukungqubana okuninzi kunokufunyanwa kunye nokukhulelwa kweNdalo iphela kude kube lelo xesha. Nangona uMhlaba wawungasekho embindini kwaye neeplanethi zange zijikeleze kuwo, kwakungekho ziko elinye eliqhelekileyo kuzo zonke iintshukumo zeselestiyali kwinkqubo yawo.
Impembelelo yomsebenzi wakhe
Wayesoloko elazi inani lokugxeka ukuba lo msebenzi ungavusa xa usenziwa esidlangalaleni. Ukuba noloyiko lokugxekwa, khange abenakho ukunika umsebenzi wakhe ukuba aprinte. Into eyenziweyo kukuba upapasho lwasasaza ngongenelelo kwisazi ngeenkwenkwezi esingumProtestanti. Igama lakhe yayinguGeorg Joachim von Lauchen, owaziwa ngokuba nguRheticus. Wakwazi ukutyelela iCopernicus phakathi kowe-1539 no-1541 no wamqinisekisa ukuba aprinte lo mxholo kwaye awandise. Oko bekufanele ukufundwa.
Umsebenzi uhambe esidlangalaleni kwiiveki ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokubhubha kombhali. Kude kube lelo xesha, ingqikelelo yokuma komhlaba kwindalo iphela yayinendlela eyahlukileyo. UPtolemy kunye nethiyoriyakhe yokuma komhlaba babephambili kwiinkulungwane ezili-14 zembali. Le ithiyori yaziwa njenge Almagest. Kulethiyori ungabona ukukhula okupheleleyo kwazo zonke iindlela ezazisekwe kwindalo iphela.
El Almagest Uthe iNyanga, iLanga kunye neeplanethi ezisisigxina zijikeleza uMhlaba. Besikwindawo emiselweyo kwaye ezinye izidalwa zasezulwini zisijikelezile. Yayisengqiqweni ngaphandle kokujongwa ngaphandle. Kufuneka ubone nje ukuba simi ngxi, asiqapheli ukujikeleza komhlaba kwaye, ngapha koko, liLanga "elihamba" esibhakabhakeni emini nasebusuku.
NgoNicolás Copernicus, iLanga yayiza kuba liziko lokungashukumi kwendalo iphela kwaye uMhlaba uya kuba neentshukumo ezimbini: Ujikeleziso ngokwalo, olukhokelela emini nasebusuku, kunye noguqulo, olunika ukugqithiswa kwamaxesha onyaka.
UNicolaus Copernicus kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kweenkwenkwezi zePtolemaic
Nangona le ithiyori yayichanekile ngexesha kwaye kuthathelwa ingqalelo itekhnoloji yelo xesha, indalo yaseCopernican yayisaphelile kwaye incitshiswa yinto ebizwa ngokuba Inqanaba leenkwenkwezi ezizinzileyo zeenkwenkwezi zakudala.
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwenkqubo yePtolemaic kuye kwenzeka ngokulula ngakumbi ukusukela oko inkqubo ye-heliocentric yeCopernicus yanceda ukunciphisa inani lezinto eziguqukayo ekufuneka zithathele ingqalelo ukuqondwa kwendalo iphela. Kuba inkqubo yemveli yayisebenza kangangeenkulungwane ezili-14, kukhokelele kwinkqubela phambili yakhe ngokujonga okuchaze intshukumo yeeplanethi ezisixhenxe ezibhadulayo. UNicolás Copernicus intuised ukuba ingcinga yakhe iya kwenza kube lula ukuyiqonda indalo iphela. Itshintshe kuphela iziko leLanga.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi lunokukunceda wazi ngakumbi ngoNicolaus Copernicus kunye nefuthe lakhe kwihlabathi le-astronomy kunye nesayensi.