Ngubani u-Alfred Wegener?

Kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo ufunda ukuba amazwekazi awazange eme ngxi kuyo yonke imbali yoMhlaba. Ngokuchasene noko, zihlala zihamba. UAlfred Wegener ibingusosayensi ebonisile ithiyori yelizwekazi ngoJanuwari 6, 1921. Esi sisindululo esiguqule imbali yesayensi kuba iguqule umxholo wengqokelela yomhlaba. Ukususela ekuphunyezweni kwale ithiyori yokuhamba kwamazwekazi, ukuguqulwa komhlaba kunye neelwandle kutshintshiwe ngokupheleleyo.

Yazi ngokunzulu ngebhayiloji yendoda eyaphuhlisa le ithiyori ibalulekileyo kwaye yavelisa impikiswano engaka. Funda ukuze ufumane okungakumbi 🙂

Alfred Wegener kunye nobizo lwakhe

U-Wegener wayelijoni kumkhosi waseJamani, unjingalwazi wezemeteorology, kunye nomhambi wokuqala wenqanaba. Nangona ithiyori ayibonisileyo inxulumene nokwakheka komhlaba, isazinzulu ngeemeteorist sasisazi indlela yokuqonda ngokugqibeleleyo iimeko zomaleko ongaphakathi woMhlaba kwaye sisekwe kubungqina besayensi. Wayekwazi ukucacisa ngokungaguquguqukiyo ukufuduswa kwamazwekazi, exhomekeke kubungqina be-geological.

Ayibobungqina bejoloji kuphela, kodwa zebhayoloji, paleontological, imeteorological kunye geophysical. U-Wegener kwafuneka enze izifundo ezinzulu kwi-pelomagnetism yasemhlabeni. Ezi zifundo zisebenze njengesiseko sethiyori yangoku yeetoni zeteknoloji. Kuyinyani ukuba u-Alfred Wegener wakwazi ukuphuhlisa ithiyori anokuhamba ngayo amazwekazi. Nangona kunjalo, wayengenayo ingcaciso eqinisekileyo malunga nokuba yeyiphi amandla anokumhambisa.

Ke ngoko, emva kwezifundo ezahlukeneyo ezixhaswe ithiyori ye Ukuqhubela phambili kwilizwekazi, imigangatho yolwandle kunye ne-paleomagnetism yomhlaba, iitektoni zeplate zavela. Ngokungafaniyo nokwaziwayo namhlanje, uAlfred Wegener wayecinga ngokwendlela yokuhamba kwamazwekazi hayi amacwecwe eteknoloji. Le ngcamango yayiqhubeka kwaye iyothusa njengoko, ukuba kunjalo, iya kuvelisa iziphumo ezimbi kwintlobo yabantu. Ukongeza, ibandakanya amandla okucinga amandla amakhulu anoxanduva lokufudusa amazwekazi onke. Oku kwenzekile ke ngoko kwathetha ukubuyiselwa komhlaba ngokupheleleyo kunye neelwandle ekuhambeni kwe Ixesha lejoloji.

Nangona wayengasifumani isizathu sokuhamba kwamazwekazi, wayenobuchule obukhulu ekuqokeleleni bonke ubungqina obunokubakho ngexesha lakhe lokuseka lo mbutho.

Imbali kunye neziqalo

Xa u-Wegener waqala kwihlabathi lezenzululwazi, wayenomdla wokuhlola iGreenland. Wayenomtsalane omkhulu kwisayensi eyayiqhelekile: iMeteorology. Emva phayaa, ukulinganisa iatmosferi yeepateni ezibangela uninzi lwezaqhwithi kunye nemimoya yayinzima ngakumbi kwaye ichanekile. Okwangoku, u-Wegener wayefuna ukungena kule sayensi intsha. Ukulungiselela uhambo lwakhe oluya e-Antarctica, waziswa kwiinkqubo ezinde zokunyuka intaba. Wayeyazi kakuhle nendlela yokusebenzisa iikhayithi kunye neebhaluni zokujonga imeko yezulu.

Ubuphucule ubuchule bakhe kunye nobuchule kwihlabathi le-aeronautics, ukuya kwinqanaba lokufumana irekhodi lehlabathi ngo-1906, kunye nomntakwabo uKurt. Ingxelo ayibekileyo yayiza kubhabha iiyure ezingama-52 ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Lonke olu lungiselelo luhlawulwe xa wayonyulwa njengesazi ngemozulu kukhenketho lwaseDenmark olwalusinge kumantla mpuma eGreenland. Le hambo yathatha phantse 2 iminyaka.

Ngexesha lika-Wegener eGreenland, uthathe izifundo ezahlukeneyo zesayensi malunga nemeteorology, geology, kunye glaciology. Yiyo loo nto, inokwenziwa ngokuchanekileyo ukuseka ubungqina obunokuphikisa ukukhukuliseka kwelizwekazi. Ngethuba lohambo wayenemingcipheko kunye nokufa, kodwa abazange bamthintele ekufumaneni udumo olukhulu. Wayegqalwa njengehambo elifanelekileyo, kunye nomhambi opholileyo.

Ukubuyela kwakhe eJamani, wayeqokelele imozulu enkulu kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwemozulu. Ngonyaka we-1912 wenza olunye uhambo olutsha, ngeli xesha lisiya eGreenland. Yenziwe kunye Umhloli wamazwe waseDenmark uJP Koch. Wenza uhambo olukhulu ngeenyawo ecaleni komkhenkce. Ngolu hambo wagqiba izifundo zakhe kwimozulu nakwiglaciology.

Emva kokukhukhuka kwilizwekazi

Kuncinci okwathethwayo malunga noko kwenziwa nguAlfred Wegener emva kokubhengeza kwelizwekazi. Ngo-1927, wagqiba kwelokuba enze olunye uhambo eGreenland ngenkxaso yoMbutho woPhando waseJamani. Emva kwamava kunye nodumo olufunyenwe yithiyori yelizwekazi, wayeyeyona ifanelekileyo yokukhokela uhambo.

Eyona njongo iphambili ibingu-lukwakha isikhululo sezulu Ingavumela ukuba nemilinganiselo yemozulu ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo. Ngale ndlela ulwazi oluninzi lunokufumaneka malunga neenkqwithela kunye neziphumo zazo kwiinqwelomoya. Ezinye iithagethi zabekwa kwicandelo lemeteorology kunye ne-glaciology ukufumana ukuqonda ukuba kutheni amazwekazi ehambile.

Olona hambo lubalulekileyo kude kube ngoko lwenziwa ngonyaka we-1029. Ngolu phando, idatha efanelekileyo yayifunyenwe ngexesha ababekulo. Kwaye kwakunokwenzeka ukuba sazi ukuba ukutyeba komkhenkce kungaphezulu kweemitha ezili-1800 ubunzulu.

Uhambo lwakhe lokugqibela

Ukhenketho lwesine nolokugqibela lwenziwa kwi-1930 ngobunzima obukhulu kwasekuqaleni. Izinto ezivela kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni azifikanga ngexesha. Ubusika beza ngamandla kwaye yayisisizathu esaneleyo sokuba uAlfred Wegener azame ukubonelela ngesiseko sokukhusela. Lo mmandla wawugutyungelwe yimimoya enamandla nokuwa kwekhephu, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba abantu baseGreenland abaqeshiweyo bashiye ikhaya. Esi saqhwithi sabeka ingozi yokusinda.

Abambalwa ababesele ku-Wegener kwafuneka bahlupheke ngenyanga kaSeptemba. Bengafumani zibonelelo, bafika kwisikhululo ngo-Okthobha kunye nomnye wabahlobo babo ephantse wangumkhenkce. Khange akwazi ukuqhubeka nohambo. Imeko yokuphelelwa lithemba apho kwakungekho kutya okanye mafutha (bekukho igumbi lababini kwabahlanu kuphela).

Kuba amalungiselelo ebengekho, kuye kwafuneka ukuba aye kwizibonelelo. U-Wegener kunye neqabane lakhe uRasmus Villumsen ngabo babebuyela elunxwemeni. Alfred wabhiyozela isikhumbuzo sakhe samashumi amahlanu ngoNovemba 1, 1930 kwaye ndaphuma ngentsasa elandelayo ndisiya kutya. Ngexesha lophando lwezixhobo kwafundwa ukuba kukho ukuvuthuza ngamandla komoya kwaye amaqondo obushushu -50 ° C. Emva koko, abazange baphinde babonwe besaphila. Umzimba ka-Wegener wafunyanwa phantsi kwekhephu ngoMeyi 8, 1931, esongelwe kwingxowa yakhe yokulala. Akukho mzimba weqabane lakhe okanye idayari yakhe ayinakufunyanwa, apho wayecinga khona okokugqibela.

Umzimba wakhe usesekhona, usihla kancinci uye kwiqhekeza elikhulu lomkhenkce, oya kuthi ngenye imini udadise okomkhenkce.