Kulo Ixesha leCenozoic Kwakukho amaxesha amaninzi. Yena Ixesha likaNeogene yayilixesha lesibini eli kwaye yaqala malunga ne-23 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo kwaye yaphela malunga ne-2.6 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Ngeli xesha leplanethi yethu yenze uthotho lweenguqu kunye notshintsho kwinqanaba lomhlaba nakwinqanaba lezinto eziphilayo. Inkqubo ye- Izilwanyana zeNeogene Yayibonakaliswe ngokuba nesinye seziganeko ezibalulekileyo kwimbali yomhlaba, ezinje ngokubonakala kweempawu zokuqala.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu kunye nokuvela kwezilwanyana zeNeogene.
Ixesha leNeogene
Eli xesha le-Neogene lahlala malunga ne-20 yezigidi zeminyaka kwaye lalineenguqu ezinkulu kwinqanaba lejoloji nakwinqanaba lezinto ezahlukeneyo. Kuyaziwa njengexesha apho i-hominids yokuqala eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Australopithecus yavela khona. Olu hlobo lwehominids bamele ookhokho babantu abadala.
Ngexesha le-Neogene kwabakho utshintsho olukhulu kwinqanaba leplanethi ngokubhekisele kwimisebenzi yejoloji. Amazwekazi aqhubekile nokufuduka kwawo kancinci kancinci kwiindawo esinazo namhlanje. Le ntshukumo yamazwekazi yabangela ukuba ulwandle luhlengahlengiswe kwaye kwavela ezinye izithintelo ezibonakalayo, ezinje ngomhlaba wasePanama. Ezi ntshukumo zejoloji ziziganeko ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazele ukwehla kwamaqondo obushushu kuLwandlekazi lweAtlantic.
Lonke olu tshintsho kwinqanaba lobume bomhlaba kunye nobushushu luchaphazele ukubonakala kunye nokukhula kwendalo ethile. Ngalo lonke eli xesha kwajongwa izilwanyana nezityalo ezohlukeneyo. Amaqela ezilwanyana athe enza olona tshintsho lukhulu zazizizilwanyana ezanyisayo zomhlaba, iintaka nezirhubuluzi.
Ukuphuhliswa kobomi kwiNeogene
Ngalo lonke eli xesha bekukho ukwanda kweefom zobomi ezikhoyo. Ngenxa yemozulu, amaqondo obushushu emhlabeni ayenayo Impembelelo enkulu kuphuhliso kunye nokusekwa okutsha kwezinto eziphilayo. Zombini iintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana zenze utshintsho olwahlukeneyo, kunye nezilwanyana zifumana olona tshintsho lukhulu. Iintyatyambo zihlala zimile ngakumbi.
Iintyatyambo ze-Neogene zimi ngokuqaqamba ngakumbi ngenxa yemozulu. Kuba imozulu ngeli xesha ibande noko, ithintele ukukhula kwamahlathi amakhulu namahlathi. Ukongeza, oku kwehla kwamaqondo obushushu kukwabangele nokunyamalala kweendawo ezinkulu kubo. Ngenxa yezi meko zendalo esingqongileyo, ezinye iintlobo zezityalo kuye kwafuneka zikhule ezinokuqhelana nobushushu obusezantsi.
Izityalo ezinokuchuma phantsi kweemeko ezingaginyisi mathe yilezo ziyintsapho enezityalo ezinobungozi. Ezinye iingcali zibhekisa kwixesha likaNeogene njengobudala bemifuno. Ayizizo zonke izinto ezazingalunganga kwizityalo. Ezinye iintlobo ze-angiosperms nazo zasekwa kwaye zaphuhliswa ngempumelelo.
Izilwanyana zeNeogene
Siza kubona ukuba imozulu kunye nophuhliso lwejoloji luchaphazele njani izilwanyana zeNeogene. Ngeli xesha, amaqela ohlukeneyo ezilwanyana ahluka-hlukeneyo, phakathi kwawo esazi ukuba aguquke ngakumbi njengezilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo, izilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo kunye neentaka. Izinto eziphilayo zaselwandle zazinophuhliso olunzulu, ngakumbi iqela leecetaceans.
Siza kuhlalutya ngokwamaqela ezilwanyana eziphuhliswe kakhulu ngexesha lezilo zeNeogene.
Aves
Ngaphakathi kwiqela leentaka, ezona ziphucukileyo yayizizo ezo babekwiqela labantu abadlulayo. Ezinye zeentaka zexesha likaNeogene zikwabizwa ngokuba ziintaka ezoyikisayo. Eli qela likhulu lezilwanyana lahlala kwilizwekazi laseMelika. Namhlanje iintaka zeqela labapaseli lelona qela lahlukeneyo kwaye libanzi. Igcinwe inenqanaba eliphezulu lokusinda ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Phakathi kweempawu zabo eziphambili sinokuthi zizilwanyana ezibonakaliswa ngokuba nemilenze apho zihlala khona kwisebe lomthi. Ukongeza, inako ukucula. Obu buchule busebenzela ukuseka amasiko antsonkothileyo okukhwelana. Iqela labantu abadlulayo likwabizwa ngokuba liqela leentaka zengoma. Ngexesha likaNeogene iqela leentaka laqala ukufumana amandla ngakumbi nangakumbi kwaye landa. Ukusukela oko amazwekazi eqhubeka nokuhamba esiya kwimeko yangoku, ezi zilwanyana zahlukahlukene.
Ngokukodwa eMzantsi Melika kulapho kufunyenwe isixa esikhulu seengxelo zeefosili. Ezi ngxelo zingqina ubukho beentaka ezinkulu. Uninzi lwezi ntaka lwalulukhulu kodwa alunakubhabha. Nangona kunjalo, baba ngamarhamncwa amakhulu ngeli xesha. Eli qela leentaka lalisaziwa ngegama leentaka ezoyikekayo.
Izilwanyana zeNeogene: izilwanyana
Izilwanyana ezanyisayo liqela lezilwanyana ezathi zatshintsha kakhulu. Elinye lamaqela aguquke kakhulu izilwanyana ezizezosapho iBovidae kunye neCervidae. Kula maqela mabini ezilwanyana sifumana iibhokhwe, iigusha, iinyamakazi, amaxhama kunye namaxhama. Zonke ezi zilwanyana zayandisa indawo yazo yokuhambisa ngokumangalisayo.
Ngokunjalo, zikho nezinye izilwanyana ezincancisayo ezinkulu ezifana neendlovu, iimammoth kunye nemikhombe ezathi zafumana ukukhula okukhulu. Ezinye zezi ntlobo, ezinjengee-mammoths, azikhange zikwazi ukuhlala kude kube ngoku ngenxa yeenguqu ezithile eza kamva.
Kufuneka kwakhona kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba kwizilwanyana zeNeogene ezinye iinkawu, ngakumbi iinkawu, zema ngaphandle. Iqela ngalinye leeprimates lalinendawo yokuhlala eyahlukileyo kwaye lenza iinguqu kwinkqubo yazo yendaleko. Uninzi lwama-primates lwafunyanwa kwilizwekazi lase-Afrika naseMelika.
Kwizilwanyana zeNeogene sikwafumana ukukhula kwezinye izilwanyana ezincancisayo ezinje ngee-feline kunye nee-canines. Ezinye iintlobo zeebhere kunye neehyenas nazo zahluka ngeli xesha. Ngaphakathi kwiqela lezilwanyana ezanyisayo, esinye seziganeko ezibaluleke kakhulu senzeka kwinkqubo yendaleko yomntu. Kwaye kunjalo i-hominid yokuqala yavela yaphuhliswa.
I-hominid yokuqala ephuhlisiweyo yabhaptizwa ngegama le-Australopithecus. Ibonakaliswe ikakhulu ngokuba nobukhulu obuncinci kunye nentshukumo yebipedal.
Izilwanyana
Okokugqibela, izirhubuluzi nazo zaphuhliswa kwizilwanyana zeNeogene. Phakathi kwazo sifumana amasele, oononkala kunye neenyoka ezazinako ukwandisa ubukhosi bazo. Oku kubangelwe sisixa esikhulu sokutya okufumanekayo. Ukutya kwabo ikakhulu kusekwe kwizinambuzane, ezazizininzi kakhulu.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nezilwanyana zeNeogene.