El Ixesha leCambrian yeyokuqala ukubhala ixesha lePaleozoic. Iqale malunga neminyaka engama-541 yezigidi eyadlulayo yaze yahlala kwiminyaka emalunga nezigidi ezingama-485 eyadlulayo. Ngeli xesha apho iplanethi yethu yabona ukwahluka okukhulu kunye nobunzima bobomi obukhoyo. Inkqubo ye- Izilwanyana zaseCambrian Wayengumntu ophambili kwinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-«Cambrian Explosion». Kulapha apho kwavela khona inani elikhulu leentlobo zezilwanyana esele zinee-multicellular kwaye ezaqala ukuhlala elwandle.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu kunye nokuvela kwezilwanyana zaseCambrian.
Ixesha leCambrian
Okokuqala siza kuphinda siqwalasele ezinye zeempawu eziphambili zeli xesha lejoloji. Ngenye yeendawo ze-geological eziye zafundwa kakhulu ziingcali ze-paleontologist. Kwaye kukho utshintsho oluninzi kwinqanaba lejoloji kunye nokuvela kwezinto eziphilayo ezikhoyo. Konke oku kubangelwe lutshintsho olukhulu kwimeko yezendalo ezazikho ngelo xesha. Siyazi ukuba eli xesha lithathe malunga neminyaka engama-56 ezigidi. Phakathi kweempawu eziphambili sifumana ukwahluka kunye nokuvela kwezinto eziphilayo ezihlala kwiplanethi.
Ndiyabulela kolu tshintsho, uninzi lwezinto eziphilayo zaqala ukubakho ezigcinwe kude kube namhlanje. Ngokubhekisele kwi-geology, phakathi kweyona nguqu ibaluleke kakhulu ibikukufuduswa nokwahlulwa kwezinto ezikhoyo ezikhoyo. Uninzi lweengcali ziyangqina ukuba kukho iziqhekeza zomhlaba ezazikho ngexesha leCambrian kwaye zisisiphumo sokuqhekeka kwelizwekazi elikhulu kakhulu. Eli lizwekazi eliphezulu labizwa IPannotia yahlulwa yango-4 abanye abaziwa ngegama lika: Gondwana, Baltica, Laurentia naseSiberia.
Isantya sokukhukhula kwilizwekazi ngeli xesha sasiphezulu kakhulu kunanamhlanje. Oku kubangele ukuba iziqwenga zahlukane ngesantya esikhulu. Ngokubhekisele kwimozulu, zimbalwa iirekhodi kodwa kukho iifosili ekufundwe ngazo iimpawu zokusingqongileyo. Kuyachazwa ukuba ngexesha leCambrian amaqondo obushushu ayephezulu kakhulu kunamanye amaxesha wejoloji. Kungenxa yokuba kwakungekho ziqwengana zomkhenkce kwiplanethi. Phantse wonke umhlaba osemantla wagutyungelwa yi-Phantalassa Ocean kwaye imozulu yayipholile kwaye iluhlobo lwasolwandle.
Ngokubhekisele kwimozulu siyazi ukuba bekukho ukutyhubela amaxesha onyaka ngendlela yokuba kuthiwe khange babe neenguqu ezininzi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iingcali zibanga ukuba ekupheleni kweCambrian ukwehla kobushushu behlabathi kunokujongwa. Oku kubangela ukuba ilizwekazi elithile elalihamba kancinci ligutyungelwe ngumkhenkce.
impilo
Ngokumalunga nobomi ngeli xesha, oko kubizwa ngokuba kukuqhushumba kweCambrian apho kwenzeka ukwahluka okungaqhelekanga kwazo zonke iintlobo zobomi. Nangona ubomi babonakala kwi-Aronic aeon, kwakungekho kude kube lixesha leCambrian yayikwazi ukwahluka kuba bonke ubomi babulula kakhulu. Le nto iyaziwa kuba uninzi lweentlobo zinokuvela. Umahluko omkhulu wezinto eziphilayo wabonakala phantse ngaxeshanye. Enkosi ngengxelo yefosili, isixa esikhulu solwazi siye safunyanwa. Izizathu zokuqhushumba kweCambrian khange zikwazi ukuseka ngokuthe ngqo ukuba zeziphi iziqalo ubomi obunokwahluka ngazo.
Kuqikelelwa ukuba zezi zizathu zilandelayo:
- Ukwanda kweoksijini esemoyeni
- Ukunyusa amanqanaba e-ozone kwinqanaba le-ozone kunye nokukhuselwa kwimitha eyingozi ye-ultraviolet.
- Yandisa umgangatho wolwandle. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukubanakho kwamanani ezindlu ezininzi, iindawo zokuhlala kunye, ke ngoko, inani elikhulu leentlobo linokwandiswa.
Izilwanyana zaseCambrian
Izilwanyana zaseCambrian ezihlala ikakhulu emanzini. Zonke izixokelelwano zendalo zazinabile kakhulu kwaye zafunyanwa elwandle. Uninzi lwezilwanyana ezenza izilwanyana zaseCambrian zazinama-invertebrate antsonkothileyo. Apha sifumana i-trilobites, ezinye ii-invertebrates ezinkulu kunye namanye amaqela afana ziimollusk, iziponji kunye neentshulube. Siza kuhlalutya nganye nganye kwezona ntlobo zininzi zezilwanyana zaseCambrian:
Iziponji
Ngeli xesha kwakuqhelekile ukufumana inani elikhulu leziponji elwandle. Namhlanje bahlelwa kumda we-poriferous. Eyona nto iphambili kuyo kukuba neepali kulo lonke ubume bayo. Ngokusebenzisa ezi pores zinceda ukujikeleza kunye hluza izondlo ezifumaneka emanzini. Iingxelo zeefosili zezi zinto ziphilayo ziye zanceda ukufumana ulwazi malunga nokukhula kwezi zilwanyana ngelo xesha. Ngombulelo kwezi rekhodi zefosili, kuyaziwa ukuba bekukho iziponji ezifanayo nezomthi kunye nezinye ezinesimo sekhoni.
IArthropods
Babezona zilwanyana ziphuhlileyo kwaye zininzi. Namhlanje, bahlala bengabona bantu baninzi kwizilwanyana. Kwizilwanyana zaseCambrian kwakungekho ngaphandle. Kweli qela, Sifumana abameli abaninzi njengee-trilobites. Baphuphuma kweli xesha lokuphantse babugcine ubukho babo kude kube sekupheleni kwe Ixesha lePermian. Babesinye sezilwanyana zokuqala ukuphuhlisa umbono wokubona.
Izilwanyana zaseCambrian: iimollusks
I-Mollusks yafumana utshintsho olukhulu olwahluka-hlukeneyo kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye zazo zisafumaneka nanamhlanje. Sinee-gastropods kunye nee-cephalopods, phakathi kwabanye.
Echinoderms
Kwakunokwanda okuninzi kunye nokwahluka ngeli xesha. Iintlobo ezintsha ze-echinoderms zavela ezinokuziqhelanisa neemeko ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo zokusingqongileyo. Iklasi elasinda ixesha elide laliyi-crinoid.
Izilwanyana zaseCambrian: iingxaki
Yayilona qela libaluleke kakhulu lezilwanyana elinemvelaphi yalo ngeli xesha. Ngombulelo kwezi zilwanyana kuyaziwa ukuba izilwanyana zaseCambrian zahlula inani elikhulu lamaqela anje izilwanyana ezinethambo lomqolo phakathi kwazo sinezinto eziphila emanzini, iintlanzi, izirhubuluzi, iintaka nezilwanyana ezanyisayo. Uphawu olwahlukileyo kwezi zilwanyana kukuba zinesakhiwo esaziwa njenge-notochord. Yiyo loo nto igama chordates. I-notochord yintambo ye-tubular eqhubeka kuwo wonke umda womntu ngamnye kwaye inomsebenzi wolwakhiwo. Kukho inkqubo ye-nervous central, i-post anal tail, kunye ne-pharynx.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nezilwanyana zaseCambrian kunye neempawu zayo.