Nguva yeSilurian

Mukati menguva yePaleozoic tinowana nguva inoratidzirwa neakanyanya geological chiitiko uye iri pakati peOrdovician ne Devonian. Zviri nezve nguva Silurian. Munguva ino mune kuita kwakanyanya kwenzvimbo, tinogona kuwana humbowo hwesainzi nezve kuumbwa kwenzvimbo dzakakura dzemakomo pamwe neiyo nyowani nyowani inozivikanwa seEuramérica.

Muchikamu chino isu tichaenda kukuudza zvese hunhu, geology, mamiriro ekunze, zvinomera uye zvipenyu zvenguva yeSilurian.

Mhando huru

Iyo Silurian nguva yakatora makore angangoita makumi maviri nemashanu emakore, kutanga kubva pamamiriyoni mazana mana nemakumi mana emakore apfuura kusvika pamamiriyoni makumi mana nemakumi mapfumbamwe emakore apfuura Munguva iyi, zvakajairika kuti ive mumitumbi isina kudzika yemvura pamusoro pemakondinendi nekuti mwero wegungwa waive wakakwirira chaizvo. Kune vesaenzi, iyo Silurian nguva inonakidza kwazvo nekuti yaive neshanduko zvese padanho regeological uye padanho rezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana.

Zvirimwa zvakakwanisa kukunda mamiriro epanyika uye mhando nyowani yemaatropods, makorari nehove zvakabuda. Pakati peiyo geological level, zvaive zvakare zvichikwanisika kuona kuumbwa kwenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemakomo dzatinoziva nhasi, senge Makomo eAppalachian.

Silurian nguva geology

Munguva iyi kondinendi yepamusoro inonzi Gondwana yaive panzvimbo yekumaodzanyemba kwepasi. Mamwe ese epamusoro soro anozivikanwa saLaurentia, Baltic neSiberia aive munzvimbo yakatarisa kuchamhembe. Mwero wegungwa wakange wakwira zvakanyanya semhedzisiro yekunyungudika kwechando kubva kumagumo echando enguva yapfuura. Uku kukwira mumwero wegungwa Izvo zvakakonzera aya anonzi epicontinental makungwa kuti aumbe pamusoro penzvimbo huru. Idzi dzaive diki, dzisina kudzika miviri yemvura yakatambanuka pamusoro penzvimbo dzese dzemakondinendi.

Mhedzisiro yeiyo Continental Drift yakaramba ichichinja makondinendi. Aya ndiwo mauyiro akaita ma supercontinents anonzi Laurentia, Baltica neAvalonia kuumba yakakura kwazvo supercontinent ine zita rekuti Euramérica.

Iyi nguva yakaratidzwa nekubuda kwenzvimbo hombe dzenyika. Makungwa aripo panguva ino aive Panthalassa, Paleo Tethys, Rheico, Lapetus uye Ural nyanza.

Silurian nguva yemamiriro ekunze

Munguva yese iyi, mamiriro ekunze epasi akadzikama. Kwakange kusisina akanyanya kuwanda shanduko mumamiriro ekunze pasirese pasirese. Kunyanya iyo yeSilurian yakamira kuti ive nguva ine inodziya mamiriro ekunze. Mvura yechando yakanga yaumbika panguva yeOrdovician yaive yakatarisana nedenga rekumaodzanyemba kwepasi uye kunyungudika kwavo kwakakonzera kukwira kwemwero wegungwa.

Kunyangwe yaive nguva yakadziya pazhinji, pane zvisaririra zvinyorwa zvinoratidza kuti yaive nguva ine madutu akati wandei. Shure kwaizvozvo, tembiricha yepasi rose yezvakatipoteredza yaiita kunge ichatanga kudzikira, kuchitonhodza nharaunda zvishoma. Uku kuderera kwetembiricha hakuna kukonzera zera rechando. Pakupera kweSilurian uye yatopinda muDevonia mamiriro ekunze anga achinyorovera uye achidziya nenhamba yakawanda yekunaya.

Flora

Kunyangwe chokwadi chekuti pakupera kweOrdovician paive nechiitiko chikuru chekutsakatika, panguva yehupenyu hwaSilurian hwakagadziriswa zvinobudirira mune zvisikwa zvegungwa, kunyanya. Dzese mhando dzakakwanisa kurarama pakupera kweOrdovician dzakakwanisa kusiyanisa uye kutombochinja kuita genera rakasiyana.

Ngatitangei kuongorora maruva. Mune zvisikwa zvegungwa pakanga paine huwandu hwakawanda hwesarga, kunyanya girini, izvo zvakabatsira kuburitsa muyero mune zvakatipoteredza. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti ivo chikamu che trophic ngetani dzaive dzichikura. Munguva iyi cZvirimwa zvevascular zvakatanga kukura zvine midziyo inoitisa iri xylem uye phloem.

Pakutanga kwenguva ino nzvimbo yepanyika yaive yakasiyana zvakanyanya neyegungwa. Munharaunda yegungwa, hupenyu hwakasimukira uye hwakasiyana-siyana zvakanyanya. Pane kupesana, munzvimbo dzese dzepasi pevhu chimiro chacho chaive chiri dongo uye chisina mvura. Ikoko kwaingova nenzvimbo shoma dzedombo uye renje nzvimbo uye mashoma humus. Zvirimwa zvakavandudzwa munzvimbo yepanyika zvinoda kuti zvirambe zviri pedyo nemitumbi yemvura. Aya ndiwo maratidziro avakaita kuve nekuwanikwa kwezvinhu izvi uye zvinovaka muviri. Aya ndiwo marongero akaita zvirimwa zvekutanga zvatinoziva nhasi semabryophytes.

fauna of

Kana zviri zvemhuka, pakupera kweOrdovician paive nenzira yekutsakatika kwemazhinji kwakakanganisawo kwazvo mhuka. Nekudaro, munguva yese iyi, mapoka emhuka senge arthropods akasimukira. Kubva panguva iyi vapora angangoita mazana mana nemakumi mana neshanu mafossil anomiririra vanhu veiyi phylum. Izvo zvinofadza zvaive zvichiderera munguva yapfuura uye zvichiramba zviripo mune zvisikwa zvegungwa. Zvisinei, munzvimbo yacho, vakatsakatika.

Saizvozvowo, panguva yeSilurian ivo vakaonekwa kekutanga uye mamiripodhi nema chelicerates. Aya mapoka emhuka akatanga kuzadza nzvimbo dzekugara dzepanyika. Boka rezvinyamusi rakamiririrwa panguva ino nemhando dzemabhivalves uye gastropods. Vaigara kunyanya pamusoro pegungwa.

Iyo crinoids, iyo inozivikanwa seyekare echinoderms epasi sezvayakange iriko munguva ino. aya aive neparuncle yakavabatsira kuiswa pane substrate. Ivo vakatsakatika pakupera kweSilurian.

Mumunda wehove tine kusiyanisa kukuru. Munguva yakapfuura ostracoderms anga atooneka. Idzi ihove dzisina shaya uye dzinoonekwa semhuka dzechinyakare dzekare muzvinyorwa zvezvisaririra. Dzimwe mhando dzehove dzakatanga kuoneka, pakati padzo dziya dzine shaya dzinozivikanwa semacaloderms dzakabuda. Chimwe cheanomiririra hunhu hwerudzi urwu ndechekuti Ivo vane cuirass kumberi kwemuviri. Vamwe vanamazvikokota vanosimbisa kuti pakupera kwenguva iyi hove dzemhasuru dzakaonekwa.

Coral reef zvakare aive nehukama hwakakura kubvira pavakaonekwa panguva iyi. Pano ndipo pakaumbwa matombo makuru emakorari. Izvi zvinokonzerwa mhando dziripo dzekorari dzinogona kusiyaniswa nekuyedza nekuda kwema radiation.

Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvenguva yeSilurian.