Munguva yePaleozoic tinowana akati wandei nguva. Yetatu yavo ndeye Nguva yeSilurian. Iri pakati pe Ordovician nguva and the Nguva yeDevonia. Imwe yehunhu hwayo hukuru ndeye yakanyanya geological chiitiko icho chaive nekuumbwa kwemakomo makuru. Nezve iyo Silurian fauna Isu tinowana zvakare hukuru hwekushanduka kwemarudzi mazhinji padanho rezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Iyi nguva yenguva yaitongwa pamwe nekuwanda kukuru kweshanduko mune zvese zvipenyu.
Naizvozvo, isu tichaisa iyi chinyorwa kukuudza zvese hunhu uye shanduko yemhuka dzeSilurian.
Nguva yeSilurian
Nguva yenguva iyi yaive makore angangoita makumi maviri nemashanu emakore. Yakatanga makore zviuru mazana mana nemakumi mana nemana apfuura uye yakapera makore angangoita mamirioni 444 apfuura. Yakanga iri nguva yakakura kubva kune iyo geological maonero ekuona. Munguva yese iyi nguva, kuumbwa kwenzvimbo dzemakomo dzatinoziva nhasi seAppalachian Makomo eNorth America kwakaitika.
Pakati peino nguva kusiana kukuru kwehupenyu. Yekutanga midziyo yemasuru yakatanga kuoneka uye mhuka dzakashanduka shanduko. Makorari uye arthropods ari pakati pemhuka dzakashanduka zvakanyanya. Paive zvakare nemaitiro ekutsakatika anoonekwa sediki diki. Izvi zviitiko zvakanyanya kukanganisa zvipuka munzvimbo dzekugara dzegungwa. Semuyenzaniso, hafu yetrobobite mhando yakatsakatika panguva yeSilurian nguva.
Panyaya yemamiriro ekunze, pasi rakadzikama zvishoma maererano netembiricha. Mamiriro ekunze eSilurian ainyanya kudziya. Mune dzino nguva machando akaumbika munguva yapfuura aive akawanikwa akananga kuchamhembe kwepasi. Pane humbowo hwezvisaririra hunoratidza kuti paive nenguva huru yemadutu panguva iyi. Mushure mezviitiko zvemamiriro ekunze, tembiricha yezvakatipoteredza yaiita kunge iri kudzikira. Yakasvika pakadai zvekuti yakatanga kutonhodza nharaunda zvishoma asi isina kusvika pakunyanyisa kwezera rechando. Pakupera kwenguva iyi mamiriro ekunze akatanga kunyorova uye kudziya neakakosha mamvura ekunaya.
Maruva uye zvinomera
Sezvatakambotaura, zvese zvine chekuita nehupenyu, zvese zvinomera nemhuka, zvakave neshanduko huru panguva iyi. Chiitiko chikuru chekuwedzera chakaitika panguva yemhuka dzeSilurian apo dzimwe mhando dzaigona kusiyanisa uye rimwe genera rakashanduka. Uye ndechekuti chiitiko chekutsakatika chinobatsira kugadzira maratidziro matsva kumarudzi aripo.
Mumaruva tinowana huwandu hwakawanda hwenzvimbo dzegungwa, kunyanya green algae. Aya algae aive nebasa rekudzora muyero wenzvimbo sezvo iwo aive hwaro hwechizvarwa cheoksijeni uye hwaro hwemaketani etrophic. Munguva iyi yenguva, chiitiko chakakosha mukusimudzirwa kwezvirimwa chakaitika. Uye ndizvo yekutanga vascular zvinomera zvakatanga kuoneka. Miti iyi ndeiya ine iyo inotakura midziyo inozivikanwa se xylem uye phloem.
Pakutanga kwenguva ino, iyo nzvimbo yaive kure nenzvimbo yatinoona nhasi. Mazhinji misiyano yaive munzvimbo dzemumakungwa. Yekutanga zvirimwa zvakagadziriswa munzvimbo dzepasi pano ivo vaidikanwa kuti vagare pedyo nemitumbi yemvura. Nenzira iyi vanogona kuve nekuwanika kukuru kwemvura uye zvinovaka muviri.
Silurian fauna
Pakupera kwenguva yeOrdovician pakave nekutsakatika kwemazhinji kwakabata huwandu hwakawanda hwemhuka dzaivepo. Sezvatakambotaura, kutsakatika kunobatsira zvisikwa zvipenyu kugadzira zvigadziriso zvitsva kuti zvirarame munzvimbo nyowani. Pakati pezvisikwa zvakawanikwa kusiyanisa uye kuchinjira kune aya mamiriro matsva atinowana arthropods. Iwo maarthropods aive mhuka dzaitonga mhuka dzeSilurian.
Ndiro rimwe remapoka akasangana nekushanduka kwakakosha. Anosvika mazana mana nemakumi mana neshanu mafossil akawanikwa achimiririra vanhu veiyi phylum. Trilobites yakadzora huwandu hwayo uye kuwanda nekuda kwekutsakatika kwenguva. Panguva ino Myriapods uye chelicerates zvakatanga kuoneka kekutanga. Idzi mhuka dzakatanga kupararira mumatunhu ese epasi.
Kune rimwe divi, mollusks zvakare aive nekumwe kudzoka. Pakati pezvinyuchi zvaivapo panguva iyoyo tinowana mhando dzemabhivalves uye gastropods. Idzi mhuka dzakagara mugungwa uye dzakashandisirwa nharaunda iyi. Isu tinowanawo echinoderms semhuka dzakakwanisa kuchinjika mushure mekuparara kwenguva. Mukati meechinoderms isu tinowana iyo crinoids iyo yakaguma ichideredza huwandu hwevanhu. Aya crinoids anoonekwa seyekutanga echinoderms uye, nekudaro, echinyakare pasi.
Boka rehove raigona kucherechedzwa kumwe kusiyaniswa. Munguva yeOrdovician nguva maostracoderms akaonekwa zvakanyanya anoonekwa nekushaya shaya. Idzi mhuka dzinoonekwa sedzemhuka dzechinyakare idzo pane zvinyorwa zvezvisaririra. Zvisinei, panguva yeSilurian dzimwe mhando dzehove dzakatanga kuoneka. Pakati pemhuka dzeSilurian dzimwe nguva tinowana shaya inozivikanwa sema placoderms. Chimwe chezvinhu zvaro zvakasarudzika ndezvekuti vane goko kumberi kwemiviri yavo kuzvidzivirira kubva kuzvikara.
Dzimwe mhando dzehove dzakasimuka panguva yemhuka dzeSilurian maacanthods. Ivo vanozivikanwa se spiny shark uye zvipenyu zvakafanana neastracoderms, hove dzemhasuru. Pane kumwe kusahadzika pakati pevasayendisiti nezve kuoneka kwehove shwashwa. Vamwe vanoti vakaonekwa panguva yemhuka dzeSilurian, vamwe vachiti vanozviratidza munguva inotevera.
Silurian fauna: coral reef
Coral reef aive akakosha kwazvo mumhuka dzeSilurian. Zvinozivikanwa kuti yekutanga matombo emakorari akaonekwa munguva yapfuura nguva. Zvisinei, yakanga iri panguva ino yenguva iyo ivo vachiwedzera kuwedzera kuwedzera. Mhando dzakabatana neaya matombo emakorari dzakakwanisa kuwedzera nzvimbo yavo yekuparadzira uye kuwanda. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti iri coral reef yakavapa zvese zvavaida kuti vararame.
Nekuda kwekuchinjika kwemhando dzakatenderedza matombo emakorari, iwo akaumbwa nemhando dzakasiyana siyana. Pakati pezvakanyanya kucherechedzwa tine masiponji uye mamwe marudzi emakrinoid ari eboka reechinoderms.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve mhuka dzeSilurian.