Ordovician nguva

Imwe yenguva dzeNguva yePaleozoic iyo yainyanya kuzivikanwa nekukwira kwenzvimbo dzegungwa uye kuwanda kwehupenyu muzvinhu zvegungwa ndiyo Ordovician nguva. Inguva iyo inowanikwa pakarepo mushure meiyo Cambrian nguva uye zvisati zvaitika Silurian. Munguva iyi pakange paine kudzikiswa kwakanyanya kweiyo biodiversity kumagumo chaiko kwakaburitsa chiitiko chekutsakatika kwakawanda.

Muchikamu chino tichaenda kukuudza zvese hunhu, geology, mamiriro ekunze, maruva nemhuka zveiyo Ordovician nguva.

Mhando huru

Iyi nguva yakatora makore angangoita mamirioni makumi maviri nerimwe. Yakatanga angangoita makore mazana mashanu nemakumi mashanu nemashanu apfuura uye yakagara kusvika makore makumi matatu nematatu apfuura. Yaive nemamiriro ekunze akanaka sezvo paive nemusiyano mukuru pakati pekutanga mumafainari. Pakutanga kwenguva, tembiricha yaive yakanyanya kukwirira, asi shanduko dzinoverengeka dzezvakatipoteredza dzaiitika izvo zvakatungamira kuzera rechando.

Sezvatakambotaura pakutanga kwechinyorwa, pakanga paine kutsakatika kwevanhu vazhinji pakupera kwenguva yakazopera dzinenge 85% yemarudzi ese ezvisikwa zvipenyu zvaivapo panguva iyoyo, kunyanya zvipenyu zvegungwa.

Iyi nguva yakakamurwa kuita matatu epochs: ezasi, epakati uye epamusoro Ordovician.

Ordovician Geology

Chimwe cheakakosha hunhu nezve geology yenguva ino ndechekuti mwero wegungwa ndiwo aive akakwirira kupfuura nakare kose. Munguva yese iyi paive nematanhatu epamusoro-soro: Gondwana, Siberia, Laurentia neBaltica. Sezvazvakaitika munguva yapfuura, iyo yekuchamhembe hemisphere yepasi raive rakanyatso kugarwa negungwa rePanthalassa. Kunze kwenyika huru yeSiberia uye chikamu chidiki cheLaurentia chakawanikwa mune ino hemisphere.

Iyo yekumaodzanyemba hemisphere, isu tine Gondwana kondinendi iyo yaigara dzinenge dzese nzvimbo. Paive zvakare nechikamu cheBaltica naLaurentia. Makungwa aivapo panguva ino aive: Paleo Tetis, Panthalasa, Lapetus naRheico. Zvakawanda zvinozivikanwa nezve geology yeOrdovician kubva kumatombo edombo akawanikwa. Iyo yakawanda kwazvo yeaya mafossil anowanikwa mune sedimentary matombo.

Imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa geological phenomena yenguva ino ndeye Taconic orogeny.. Iyi orogeny yakagadzirwa nekurovera kwemaviri makuru. Uku kubatana kwakatora kwemamirioni gumi emakore. Semhedzisiro yeiyi geological maitiro, iyo Makomo eAppalachian.

Ordovician nguva yemamiriro ekunze

Sezvatakambotaura, mamiriro ekunze eiyo Ordovician nguva yaive inodziya uye inopisa. Kunyanya pakutanga kwenguva kwaive netembiricha dzakakwirira, kunyangwe paine zvinoratidza kuti paive nenzvimbo dzine marekodhi ezve tembiricha yemadhigirii makumi matanhatu. Nekudaro, pakupera kwenguva, tembiricha yakatanga kudzikira nenzira iyo yakatungamira kune yakakosha glaciation. Iyi glaciation yainyanya kurwisa nyika huru yeGondwana. Panguva ino kondinendi yepamusoro yaive yekumaodzanyemba kwenyika yepasi. Iyo glaciation yakagara angangoita mamirioni 1.5 emakore. Nekuda kweichi chiitiko chekudzikira kwetembiricha, huwandu hwakawanda hwemhuka dzemhuka dzaisakwanisa kuenderana nemamiriro matsva ezvakatipoteredza dzakatsakatika.

Kune zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinosimbisa kuti iyo glaciation yakatowedzera kusvika kuIberian Peninsula. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kutenda kwekuti chando chete chinopararira munzvimbo dzeSouth Pole kucharambwa. Zvinokonzera iyi glaciation hazvisati zvazivikanwa. Iko kune kutaura kwekudzikira kweakabhoniyosi dhayidhi seyakakonzera chikonzero.

upenyu

Munguva yeOrdovician nhamba yakawanda yegenera yakaonekwa iyo yakamutsa mhando nyowani. Kunyanya hupenyu mugungwa hwakavandudzwa. Tichaongorora maruva nemhuka zvakasiyana.

Flora

Tichifunga nezvekuti huzhinji hwehupenyu hwakasimukira munzvimbo yegungwa, zvine musoro kufunga kuti zvirimwa zvine kukura kuri nani. Green algae yakawedzera mumakungwa. Dzimwe mhando dzefungi dzaivepowo dzinozadzisa basa rekuora uye kuputsa zvinhu zvakafa. Aya ndiwo maitiro egungwa raigona kuzvidzora pacharo.

Nhoroondo yekutora masisitimu epasi rakange rakasiyana neiyo yegungwa nzvimbo. Uye ndeyekuti maruva acho anga asipo. Paive nemiti mishoma shoma shoma iyo yakatanga kukoloniya mainland. Miti iyi yaive yechinyakare uye yakakosha. Sezvakatarisirwa, ivo vaive vasiri vascular zvinomera, Ndokunge, vaive vasina xylem kana phloem. Sezvo zvaive zvisiri zvinomera zvevascular, zvaida kugara padhuze nedzidzo dzemvura kuti ugone kuwana kuwanikwa kwakanaka. Aya marudzi ezvirimwa akafanana nezviropa zvatinoziva nhasi.

fauna of

Munguva yeOrdovician nguva iyo mhuka dzainyatso kuwanda mumakungwa. Paive nemusiyano mukuru kubva kune zvidiki uye zvakapusa kune zvimwe mhuka dzakashanduka uye dzakaomarara.

Takatanga kugadzira arthropods. Iyo ndeimwe yeakanyanya kwazvo phyla mune ino nguva. Mukati mearthropods isu tinowana trilobites, scorpions yegungwa uye brachiopods, pakati pevamwe. Mollusks zvakare akave nekukura kukuru kwekushanduka. Cephalopods, bivalves uye gastropods zvinowanda mumakungwa. Iyo yekupedzisira yaida kufamba ichienda kumahombekombe egungwa, asi sezvo ivo vaive vasina kufema kwemapapu, vakatadza kugara munzvimbo yepasi.

Kana ari makorari, vakatanga kuungana pamwechete kuti vagadzire yekutanga matombo emakorari uye aive nemhando dzakasiyana siyana. Ivo zvakare vaive nemhando dzakasiyana dzesiponji dzaive dzichitopatsanura panguva yeCambrian.

Ordovician mashoma kutsakatika

Uku kutsakatika kwakawandisa kwakaitika makore angangoita mamirioni mazana mana nemakumi mana nemana apfuura uye panoperera kupera kweiyo Ordovician nguva uye kutanga kwenguva yaSilurian. Izvo zvinokonzeresa izvo masayendisiti kubheja zvinotevera:

• Kuderera mumhepo kabhoni dhayokisaidhi. Izvi zvakakonzera kuzara kwepasi rose kwakaderedza huwandu hwevanhu hwemhuka nezvirimwa.
• Kupera mugungwa.
• Iyo glaciation pachayo.
• Kuputika kwesupernova. Iyi dzidziso yakagadziridzwa mumakore gumi ekutanga ezana ramakumi maviri nemasere. Anotaura kuti pakave nekuputika muchadenga kubva kune supernova kwakakonzera kuti pasi rizare nemvura ye gamma. Aya ma gamma mwaranzi akakonzera kushomeka kweiyo ozone layer uye kurasikirwa muhupenyu hwegungwa mafomu uko kune zvishoma kudzika.

Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve iyo Ordovician nguva.