Mukati medu isu yatinoti karst zororo isu tine mamwe mafaro anonakidza ekuziva. Nhasi tichataura nezvazvo polje. Iyo igomba rakadzika rinowanzo kuve muchimiro chemupata wakareba uye riine mitsara isina kujairika. Nheyo ye massif inoumbwa nedombo rekarst.
Mune ino chinyorwa tichaenda kukuudza zvese hunhu hwepoljé uye kukosha kwayo kune iyo geomorphology yenzvimbo.
Chii chinonzi poljé
Iyi poljé ndeyekutsika kukuru kunoita mupata uye pasi paro pakatetepa. Iyo inoumbwa nedombo rekarst uye ine mawere emakomo apo dombo rerime rinowanzo buda. Kugona kuburitsa mvura inoungana nekuda kwekunaya, iyo poljé kazhinji ine bundu. Mvura inowanzo famba nemurukova rwunonyangarika nepasinki iyi uye rwuchisimudza mvura yepasi. Kutenda uku kuyerera kwemvura munzira yepasi pevhu, mafomati senge stalactites uye stalagmites.
Iyi fomati inogona kuyerera kwenguva kana zvakazara zvichienderana nehutongi hwekunaya. Kana ikazara nemvura zvachose, inogona kuva nyanza sezvo mvura yakaunganidzwa ichidarika iyo dhizaini yekugona uye yekudya kwemabwe ematombo. Apa ndipo apo mwero wemvura unokwira kusvika padanho rekuumba dhamu.
Pasi pe poljé yakati sandara uye inoumbwa nevhu rinobva mukugadziriswa kwedombo. Iri ivhu rinozivikanwa nezita re terra rossa. Kutenda kuumbwa kwerudzi urwu rwevhu, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti mipata yakaumbwa nekudonha kwepoljé yakaorera kwazvo. Idzi ivhu rinogashira marudzi ese ezvinyoro zvinoungana pane imwe nguva nekuda kwekusuwa.
Kukosha kwenzvimbo mune iyo poljé
Kudyara inzira inoitwa nezvinhu zvakaomarara kutakurwa nehova dzemvura kana mweya uye zvakaiswa pasi pezasi kwedziva, rwizi kana gwara rekugadzira. Kazhinji izvi zvinyoro zvinoyerera nekuita kwegiravhiti. Zvichienderana nesaizi, dzinogona kuturikwa kana kusanganiswa mumvura. Inorema inogona kutakurwa asi dzinoda mafashama akasimba emvura kana mhepo inogara ichingogara.
Panyaya yemadhaka anotakurwa panyika, tinogona kutaura kuti kune mhando nhatu dzekutakura. Kukambaira Ndiyo mhando yekufambisa iyo matombo akakurisa aifamba nawo. Ipapo isu tine iyo munyu. Iyi ndiyo nzira yekutakura nayo iyo sediment inoita kusvetuka kudiki nekuda kwesimba remhepo yemvura kana mvura. Kune madiki madiki ari kuturika mukati memvura nemhepo uye nekuparara mukati memvura chete. Isu tinowanawo kuyerera mune izvo zvinyoro izvo zvisina kuomarara kupfuura mvura. Semuenzaniso, chimedu chehunde yemuti kana bazi rinogona kuyangarara mumvura dzerwizi uye kutakurwa kusvika kumagumo pamuromo.
Anenge chero rwizi rwemvura zvisinei nekuyerera kwayo, kumhanya uye chimiro zvine kugona kutakura iyo yakasimba zvinhu kumiswa. Chinyorwa ichi, icho chiri mukumiswa, chinodzikamisa zvishoma nezvishoma nekuda kwesimba regiravhiti kusvikira rasvika pasi. Kana iyo nzira yemvura ichikurumidza, inogona kubatsira kukukurwa kwemahombekombe erwizi kana pasi pechiteshi. Kana mwero wemvura ukadzikira, materu ese akaenda kuzasi uye ane kubereka kukuru anouya pamusoro. Saka, iyo ivhu repoljé kazhinji ine hunyanzvi hwekurima.
Kazhinji sedimentation phenomena inogadzirwa nemhedzisiro yegiravhiti. Nepo zviitiko zvinokanganisa zvichinyanya kuitika munzvimbo dzakakwirira kwazvo dzepasi redu semakomo, munzvimbo dzakanyanya kushushikana pane huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvekunyorovesa. Idzi nzvimbo dze lithosphere uko masiriri anoungana muhuwandu hwakawanda anonzi sedimentary mabheseni.
Iyo poljé yeZafarraya
Imwe yepoljé yatinayo yepedyo uye kwatinogona kuongorora zvese zvatakataura iri mupolé de Zafarraya. Iyo iri mune imwe yeakanyanya kukosha endorheic depressions yekarst mavambo muIberian Peninsula. Mamiriro ekunze uko kwakaumbwa iyi polje inzvimbo inodziya yemakungwa yeMediterranean. Munzvimbo idzi, kunaya kwegore negore kunosvika 1000 mm. Dzimwe nguva zvinopa mafashama zvichienderana nesimba rezvakafanana. Iyo ivhu ndeyecalcareous fluvisol mhando uye kune rakakura rakadiridzwa rekurima chiitiko.
Iko kugona kukuru kwainazvo kwekurima nzvimbo idzi kuri nekuda kwekukweva uye kuunganidzwa kwemanyoro anokonzerwa nekusuwa uye nzira yemvura. Miganhu yepoljé de Zafarraya iSierra Tejeda neSierra Gorda. Mutaundi iri mune mutsetse unopatsanura matunhu eMalaga neGranada inosangana nedunhu reAxarquia. Kutenda kubereka kwevhu iro rinoumbwa nepoljé, kurima kwezvipfuyo kunogona zvakare kushandiswa sosi huru.
Munzvimbo ino tinowana mapani eZafarraya, anozivikanwa nekuve mupata wakakura unosvika makiromita gumi. Dzese dzinonaya mvura uye idzo dzinounganidzwa nenzizi ndedzeAlmijara, Tejeda neAlhama Natural Park. Nzvimbo yakasikwa yemvura iri mune imwe yemasinki makuru anozivikanwa anowanikwa munyika dzeLoja neMarchamonas. Kana mvura yasvika pasink iyi inorasika pasi pevhu. Izvo zvinofungidzirwa kuti izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuwanda kwematsime nematsime ayo anoonekwa mudunhu reLoja.
Kana zvisiri zveichi chitubu chepasi pevhu, nzvimbo yese yaizosara iri pasi pemvura, ichiumba dhamu hombe. Pane dzimwe nhambo, apo kunaya kwemvura kunopfuura kugona kwemasinki kuburitsa mvura, madziva madiki anoumba. Uku kuunganidzwa kwemvura uye hunyoro hwaive chinhu chakanakisa pakuumbwa kwevhu rakanakira zvekurima. Nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekurima munzvimbo idzi, tafura yemvura iri kupera nekushandisa kwakanyanya zviwanikwa zvemvura.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve chii chinonzi poljé uye kukosha kwayo.