Zvirokwazvo imwe nguva muhupenyu hwako wakashanyira bako. Mapako akanaka, anonakidza uye akasarudzika enharaunda pasi pano patino gara munzvimbo. Mumapako tinogona kukoshesa kumwe kusarudzika kwakasarudzika kune runako uye kusarudzika. Aya mafomu anonzi stalactites uye stalagmites. Vanhu vazhinji vanofunga izvi zvimiro zvegeological semabasa echokwadi ehunyanzvi hwezvisikwa. Icho chinhu chakakodzera kuziva kana usati wambochiona kare, icho zvirokwazvo chinokushamisa iwe.
Asi sei stalactites uye stalagmites zvakasiyana? Dzinoumbwa sei? Tichapindura iyi mibvunzo yese muchinyorwa chino.
Chii chinonzi stalactites uye stalagmites
Kunyangwe iine mazita akafanana, pane misiyano inozivikanwa pakati pavo. Maumbirwo uye chimiro chayo chakasiyana. Stalactites uye stalagmites vane chinhu chimwe chakafanana: iwo ma speleotomes. Pfungwa iyi inoreva kuti iwo macalcium deposits ayo anoumbwa mumapako mushure mekuumbwa kwawo. Iyo speleotomes inomuka semhedzisiro yemakemikari kunaya kunovapo panguva yekuumbwa kwezvinhu zvakasimba kubva pamhinduro.
Ose stalactites uye stalagmites anobva kune calcium carbonate deposits. Aya mafomu anoitika mumapako ematombo. Izvo hazvireve kuti haisi iyo kesi iyo kwaanogona kuumba mune mamwe ekugadzira kana anthropic matomboyemavambo mune mamwe akasiyana emaminetsi ekuisa.
Musiyano mukuru pakati pezvimiro zviviri izvi inzvimbo. Imwe neimwe ine akasiyana maitiro ekuumba kupfuura imwe uye, nekudaro, nzvimbo yayo mukati mebako inochinjawo. Tichaongorora izvi zvakadzama, tichitsanangura kuti chii chimwe nechimwe.
Stalactites
Isu tinotanga nezvimiro zvinotangira kubva padenga remba. Kukura kwaro kunotangira pamusoro pebako rodzikira pasi. Kutanga kwe stalactite idonhwe remvura ine mineralized. Sezvo madonhwe achidonha, ivo vanosiya maronda eiyo calcite kumashure. Calcite imaminerari inoumbwa ne calcium carbonate, ndosaka ichitetepa ichisangana nemvura. Kwemakore, mushure mekudonha kwemateedzana akateedzerana emamineral, yakawanda calcite inoiswa uye inoungana.
Kana izvi zvakazara, tinoona kuti zvinokura nekukura uye zvinotora zvimiro zvakasiyana. Chimiro chakajairika chimiro chekoni. Chinozivikanwa ndechekuona huwandu hwakawanda hwecalcite cones nemvura ichinaya kubva padenga. Hukuru hwemakoni zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwemadonhwe emvura anga achitenderera munzvimbo iyoyo uye nenguva iyo kuyerera kwemadonhwe kwave kukwevera iyo calcite.
Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti stalactites idombo mafomu akagadzirwa kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi. Pakati peiyo stalactite, pane mugero umo mvura yemaminerari inoramba ichitenderera. Ndicho chinhu chinovasiyanisa kubva kune mamwe maumbirwo egeological ane akafanana chitarisiko.
Stalagmites
Isu tave kuenderera kurondedzera iyo stalagmites. Kune rimwe divi, iwo mafomati anotangira pasi uye anokura kumusoro. Kunge zvakapfuura, stalagmites inotanga kuumbika kuburikidza nedonhwe rakacherwa necalcite. Aya madonhwe anodonha anounganidza macalite deposits akateedzana. Maumbirwo pano anogona kusiyanisa zvakanyanya sezvo iwo asina kombi yepakati senge stalactites kuburikidza iyo madonhwe emvura anotenderera nekuda kwesimba regiravhiti.
Mumwe mutsauko ndewekuti iwo akakurisa kupfuura stalactites. Nekuda kweyakaumbwa maitiro, stalagmites ane yakatenderera chimiro pane kuita koni chimiro. Zvakare zvakare zvakajairika kuona mamwe aine zvisina kujairika mafomati. Maumbirwo akajairika ndeaya akatwasuka machubhu maumbirwo anonzi macaroni. Zvimwewo zvakajairika mafomati ndiwo ma conulitos (ane chimiro senge chakavezwa crater), maparera (ane chimiro chakatenderedzwa) uye zvimwe zvakawanda.
Stalactites uye stalagmites zvinowanzo tarisana. Zvakajairika kuona stalactite pamusoro uye zvakaringana kune iyo stalagmite. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nenyaya yekuti madonhwe ari kutsvedza kubva ku stalactite ane zvisaririra zvecalcite izvo zvakaiswa pasi kuita stalagmite.
Ma stalactites uye stalagmites anoumbwa sei
Tichaongorora maitiro ekuumbwa kwemaviri akachengetedzwa. Sezvatakambotaura, izvo zvinoumbwa nenzira yekunaya kwemakemikari. Izvi zvicherwa zvinoputika zvinoputswa mumvura. Aya mafomu anoumbwa nekuti iyo CO2 inonyungudika mumvura inonaya inoumba calcium carbonate kana yasangana nedombo reraimu. Zvichienderana nehutongi hwekunaya uye huwandu hwekupinda kwemvura, izvi zvimiro zvinoitika munguva pfupi inotevera.
Ndiyo mvura yemvura inoyerera nepasi uye ichinyungudutsa dombo rerima. Semagumo, aya madonhwe anopa chimiro kune idzi dhipoziti. Calcium bicarbonate yakanyungudika kwazvo mumvura uye ndizvo zvinoumbwa mushure mekubatana neEC2 inounzwa nemvura yemvura. Iyi bicarbonate inogadzira kunze uko iyo CO2 inopunyuka iyo, kana ichiita, inotetepa muchimiro che calcium carbonate.
Iyo calcium carbonate inotanga kumisikidza mamwe maratidziro akatenderedza papo panodonha donhwe. Izvi zvinongowanikwa mu stalactites, semadonhwe anodonha nekuda kwesimba regiravhiti rinovamanikidza kuwira pasi. Saka, iwo madonhwe anopedzisira achidururira pasi.
Kwokuona maumbirwo aya
Iwe zvechokwadi uchave wakanakidzwa kana usati wamboona mafomati aya zvisati zvaitika (izvo zvisiri zvakajairika). Nekudaro, isu tiri kuenda kukuudza iwe nzvimbo dzaunogona kuwana iyo hombe stalactite uye stalagmite mafomu.
Kuve unononoka kuumbwa, kuti ivo vakure chete inch pakureba, zvinotora makore angangoita zviuru zvina kusvika zviuru zvishanu. Iyo stalactite yakakura kwazvo pasirese inogona kuwanikwa muCave yeNerja, iri mudunhu reMalaga. Iine hurefu hwemamita makumi matanhatu pakukwirira uye 60 metres dhayamita. Zvakatora makore mazana mana nemakumi mashanu ezviumbwa kuti zvive zvakakwana.
Kune rimwe divi, iyo stalagmite yakakura kwazvo pasirese ndeye 67 metres kumusoro uye tinogona kuiwana mubako reMartín Infierno, kuCuba.
Ndinovimba ruzivo urwu rwakaburitsa kuziva kwako nezve stalactites uye stalagmites.