Imwe yenzizi dzakakosha muUnited States yese ndiyo Rwizi rweMississippi. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti ndeimwe yenzizi refu kwazvo muNorth America yese, inosvika hafu yenyika. Rwizi urwu rwakabatsira zvakanyanya mukusimudzira tsika nemagariro munzvimbo idzi. Pamwe chete neRwizi rweMissouri, vanoumba imwe yemahombekombe erwizi makuru uye akakosha pasi rese.
Neichi chikonzero, isu tiri kuzotsaurira ichi chinyorwa kukuudza zvese hunhu, geology, kuumbwa, maruva uye mhuka dzeRwizi rweMississippi.
Mhando huru
Rwizi urwu rwuri kumabvazuva kwekondinendi yeAmerica. Kunobva kwaro kukuru Lake Itasca, iri muMinnesota. Mukufamba kwayo kwese inopfuura nemumakomo anozivikanwa senge Rocky Makomo and the Makomo eAppalachian. Munguva yese yekushanya, inopfuura nemhando dzese dzezvisikwa uye zvemaguta zvivakwa kusvika zvaguma paGulf yeMexico. Muromo werwizi urwu rwakafara delta.
Iyo yakazara urefu hweRwizi rweMississippi ingangoita makiromita mazana matatu nemakumi matatu nematanhatu. Ichi chiyero hachina kunyatsoita sezvo chiteshi uye muromo wemutumbi wemvura wakashandurwa kakawanda. Chikonzero chikuru chekuchinja uku murwizi ndechekuti masisitimu uye masisitimu anowanda, zvichikonzera kuyerera kwemvura kugara kuchidzivirirwa. Uye ndeyekuti sedimentation chikamu cheichi chiitiko chekutakura zvinhu kubva murwizi. Kana zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nendima zvine tsika yekuve neakawanda evhu uye ivhu, zvinowanzoitika kuti kuyerera kwemvura mumuviri werwizi kunenge kwakamira nguva zhinji.
Rwizi rweMississippi rwakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri zvikuru: kune rumwe rutivi, isu tine yepamusoro Mississippi uye, kune rumwe rutivi, isu tine yepazasi Mississippi. Chikamu chekutanga cherwizi urwu chinotanga kubva kwainobva muLake Itasca kusvika pakuyambuka kwemitumbi yemvura neRwizi rweMissouri. Rwizi urwu ndirwo rwunonyanya kubatsira kuwedzera kuyerera kwemuviri wemvura uyu. Chikamu chechipiri cheRwizi rweMississippi chinotanga kana changosangana neRwizi rweOhio kusvika pamuromo waro wekupedzisira.
Nzira uye kuyerera
Pakati penzira yacho ine upamhi hwakasiyana. Muchikamu chekutanga chechikamu padyo nekwakatangira, pamwe neLake Itasca, hupamhi hwepakati pe6 ne9.1 makiromita anowanzo kurekodwa. Kana ichipfuura neLake Winnibigoshish tinogona kuona kuti ine nhanho dzinosvika kumakiromita gumi nerimwe. Iyo zvakare ine zvikamu uko ine hukuru hwakakura sezvo iine kutakura kukuru kuyerera. Munzvimbo dziri padyo neNew Orleans inosvika pakadzika kusvika pamamita makumi matanhatu nerimwe.
Kwese kuyerera kukuru uku kunoreva kuti vanogara munhoroondo yemamiriyoni matatu emakiromita. Izvi zvinomiririra pakati pe40 ne41% yenyika yese yeUnited States. Dzese nzira uye nekureba zvinoita kuti rwizi rufambe nemakumi matatu nematatu matunhu maviri eCanada. Iko kumhanyisa iko kwekuyerera kwemvura kumusoro kunopfuura kana kushoma 31 km / h. Zvimwe zvikamu zvine iwo ane akakwira kumhanya mukati ayo anomhanyisa anosvika mashanu makiromita paawa anowanikwa. Ose ari maviri mukukura uye kuyerera, Rwizi rweMississippi runofungidzirwa kuve neBasin ine saizi iyo iri pachinzvimbo chechina munyika.
Mississippi Rwizi Kutanga Kudzidziswa
Zvinofungidzirwa kuti mavambo erwizi urwu rwakatendwa nekuda kwechando chakaumbwa pakavepo nyika yepamusoro inonzi Laurentia. Kudzidziswa kwake kwakadzokera kumashure padyo ne Zera rechando. Sezvo chando chakanyungudika, huwandu hwese hwesimbi hwakaiswa pasi. Aya madutu aishandura iyo terra kusvika kune iyo nzvimbo iyo mupata wakadzika wakagadzirwa. Kazhinji nzizi dzese dzakaumbwa kunge V mupata nepo mazaya echando akaumbwa kunge U mupata. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekumhanyisa kunoita mvura kuboora pasi nekuipa chimiro.
Iyo yepamusoro Mississippi inofungidzirwa kuve yakagadzwa pamberi peiyo Wisconsin ice zera. Zvinogoneka kuti rwizi urwu rwizi rwekumashure kwegasi rakaumbwa muchikamu chakatenderedza 800 BC
Maruva nemhuka dzeRwizi rweMisissippi
Nekuyambuka nyika zhinji uye kuve nezvinhu zvakapfuma muvhu uye nevhu zvine hupfumi hwakawanda mumiti nemhuka. Uye zvakare, kuve nemamiriro ekunze ane hunyoro uye semi-tropiki kwakanakira kusimudzira kwemarudzi mazhinji emhuka nezvinomera. Dzese nzira dzenzizi nebheseni kazhinji zvinonakidzwa nekusiyana-siyana.
Pakati pemhuka dzinomira kubva kuRwizi rweMississippi tine mhando dzinotevera:
- Louisiana bheya dema
- Garwe reAmerica
- Mepu yeyero turtle
- Ringed mepu kamba
- Notropis rafinesquei
- Notropis roseipinnis
- Ihove dzekutamba dzinozivikanwa saNotorus hildebrandis.
- Dziva sturgeon
- Amiiform hove
- Amia mhanza
Mazhinji eaya akanyorwa marudzi ari endemic. Ndokunge, iwo akasarudzika marudzi eiyo Rwizi rweMississippi sezvo ivo vachigona chete kuwanikwa mune ino ecosystem. Uyezve, kunze kwemhando iyo yakatumidzwa kune makumi matanhatu neshanu emhando dzemhasuru uye makumi mashanu nenomwe emhando dzemakakanje. Iine mhando shanu dzemwenje munzvimbo dzinowanda mvura.
Kana iri maruva, bheseni rese rinewo marudzi mazhinji, mamwe anowanikwa uye mamwe haana. Akanyorwa akanyanya kuzivikanwa:
- Carex vulpinoidea
- Carex stipata
- Kusada mwoyo capensis
- Caltha palustris
Kune zvimwe zvakawanda, chete izvi ndizvo zvakanyanya kuwanda uye zvinozivikanwa.
Kukosha kwehupfumi uye kutyisidzira
Sezvazvinofanira kutarisirwa, rwizi rwune hupfumi mukusiyana-siyana uye geological zvinhu zvakakosha zvikuru mune zveupfumi kune nyika kwarinoyerera. Kune maindasitiri akati wandei uye zvekurima zvinoenderana nerwizi rweMississippi. Iyo zvakare inoshandiswa senzira yemvura yekufamba kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe uye kutanga mabhizinesi. Kubva pakauya vemakoloni, rwizi rwakave nzira yakakosha yekukwanisa kutumira marasha, mafuta, simbi uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvekurima.
Kudzoka muma1820s ndipo apo steamboats yaive imwe yeanonyanya kutakurwa kutakura kufamba parwizi urwu. Nguva iri pakati pa1830 na1950 yaive zera regoridhe rengarava idzi. Pakati pezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvekutengesa zvakatakurwa nekuda kwerwizi urwu tinowana donje.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezveRwizi rweMississippi.