Imwe yemagungwa madiki anozivikanwa ndeye North Sea. Mutumbi wemvura ine munyu unofungidzirwa segungwa rekumahombekombe mukati meAtlantic Ocean. Inowanikwa kumadokero kwekondinendi yeEuropean pakati peUnited Kingdom, Germany, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden neNorway, ine chimiro chakaita mativi chinovhara nzvimbo inofungidzirwa ye570,000 km2 uye huwandu hwe54,000 -94,000 km3.
Muchikamu chino tichaudza iwe nezve zvese hunhu, kuumbwa, zvipenyu zvakasiyana uye kutyisidzira kweNorth Sea.
Mhando huru
Iyo igungwa rekumahombekombe reAtlantic Ocean iyo yakazara urefu Inofungidzirwa kungangoita mamaira 960 uye chikamu chakakura kwazvo makiromita mazana mashanu nemakumi masere. Iri igungwa rinobatana nemamwe ese maAtlantic Ocean kuburikidza nePas de Calais neChirungu Channel, uye neBaltic kuburikidza neSkagerrak Strait uye inotevera Kattegat Strait. Mugungwa iri mune huwandu hwakawanda hwezviwi zvakaita seFrisisi Islands, Farne, zvimwe zviwi zvidiki uye zviwi zviri pedyo nemahombekombe.
Nzizi dzinonyanya kudyisa iri gungwa iRhine, iyo Gloma, iyo Elbe, iyo Weser, iyo Drammen, Ätran, iyo Thames, Trent uye maEms. Kuva gungwa rakaringana zera harina kudzika. Muchikamu chekuchamhembe chakadzama asi chinongosvika kune dzimwe nzvimbo nekudzika kwemamita makumi mapfumbamwe. Iyo yakanyanya kufungidzirwa kudzika ndeye 700 metres uye chikamu chekuchamhembe chiri munzvimbo yeNorway. Imvura kana tembiricha dzakadzika kwazvo dzimwe nguva dzinotonhora. Dzimwe nguva mazaya echando anoonekwa achiyangarara pamusoro.
Chinhu chinowanzoitika ndechekuti panguva yechando mvura yeNorth Sea pamusoro inosvika madhigirii matanhatu paavhareji, nepo muzhizha tembiricha ichikwira kusvika pamadhigirii gumi nemanomwe. Iyo yepamusoro salalt kuyerera kunobva kuAtlantic uye iyo yakadzika tembiricha uye yakadzika kwazvo munyu mvura kunobva kuBaltic. Sezvingatarisirwa, nzvimbo dzine munyu mushoma dzegungwa iri ndidzo dziri munzvimbo dziri pedyo nemiromo yenzizi.
Mhenderekedzo dzeNorth Sea dzakasiyana zvichienderana nedunhu ratiri. Kunyanya kuchamhembe chikamu uye pamwe nemhenderekedzo yeNorway mafjords, mawere, mahombekombe mahombekombe, mipata nemabhishi ane matunduru ejecha zvakajairika. Zvese izvi ecosystems zvakajairika kumahombekombe eNorway. Nekudaro, munzvimbo dzekumabvazuva nekumadokero vamwe vane kurerukirwa nguva dzose uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzakadzika dzinopesana.
Kuumbwa kwegungwa rekuchamhembe
Sezvatakambotaura, nderimwe remakungwa madiki kwazvo munyika. Inongova nemakore angangoita zviuru zvitatu munzvimbo yemahombekombe. Yakatanga kukura kubva pakupatsanurwa kwepamusoro kondinendi Pangea kubvira kupatsanurwa uku kwaivhura nzvimbo hombe dzepasi dzakadyiswa nemiromo yenzizi dzataurwa pamusoro. Pakutanga kwe Nguva yeCenozoic, iyo yepamusoro-soro yakaparadzaniswa uye Atlantic yakanga yatoumbwa.
Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti gungwa iri rakaumbwa muzvidimbu nedzimwe shanduko dzakaitika padanho regiyo. Munguva yacho Triassic y Jurassic huwandu hukuru hwedzimba nezvikanganiso zvakaumbwa izvo zvakasiya dunhu rese uko nhasi nzvimbo dzakakwirira kwazvo dziri mukuumbwa kuzere. Izvi zvinoita kuti dzimwe nzvimbo dzive nemvura yakawanda. Munguva iyi yekuumbwa goko repasi rakanga ramuka uye maBritish Isles aive asati aumba.
Gare gare panguva yeOligocene, iyo nzvimbo nekumadokero kwekondinendi yeEuropean yakanga yatobuda mvura. Dzinenge dzose mvura dzakaparadzanisa Tethys Ocean dzakabuda. Angangoita mamirioni 2.6 emakore apfuura, panguva ya Pliocene iyo North Sea Basin yaive yatove kumaodzanyemba kweiyo Dogger Bank, yaive chikamu cheEurope uye Rhine ichidururwa mumvura ine munyu. Nekuda kweakasiyana mazera echando akaitika nenguva, machira echando aigadzira nekudzoka panguva yePleistocene.
Makore zviuru zvisere chete zvakapfuura chando chakanyangarika zvachose uye mwero wegungwa wakatanga kukwira. Nekuda kwekupa kwemvura kubva munzizi nekutsakatika kwechando, gungwa rinogona kutanga kuumbika zvizere. Uye zvakare, kukwira kwenzvimbo yegungwa kwakakonzera kuti zambuko repasi pakati peGreat Britain neFrance rizare nemvura uye English Channel nehuipi hweNorth hwakabatana.
Biodiversity yeNorth Sea
Sezvinotarisirwa, gungwa iri rakapfuma mukusiyana kwezvipenyu uye harisi iro pekugara chete mhuka zhinji, asiwo nzvimbo inoshanyira yemhuka dzinofamba. Isu tinowana huwandu hukuru hwezvipfuwo senge zvakajairwa chisimbiso, mahwanda akavhara, yakajairika porpoise, iyo ringed chisimbiso, whale yekurudyi uye dzimwe dzakawanda dzimwe mhando dzezvipuka. Kana iri hove, tine mhando dzinopfuura mazana maviri neshanu dzakasiyana pakati pazvo tinowana cod, flatfish, dogfish, pout uye herring. Yese iyi hukuru hukuru hwehove inofarirwa nehukuru hwakawanda hwezvikafu zvinopihwa nenzizi uye nekuvapo kweplankton.
Isu tinowana zvakare huwandu hwakawanda hweakakodzera ecosystems ayo anopa akakwana nzvimbo dzekugara nesting nekugara kweimwe yegungwa uye inofamba shiri. Aya ma estuaries akakwana kuchengetedza akawanda marudzi. Pakati peshiri dzegungwa dzinovanda munzvimbo idzi dzinova nesu loon, auks, puffins, terns uye borem fulmars. Munguva dzekare Gungwa rekuchamhembe raizivikanwa zviri nani nemusiyano waro kupfuura zvazviri nhasi. Kwemazana emakore zvisikwa munzvimbo ino zvakadzikira zvakanyanya.
Zvinotyisa
Munhu aripo mune zvakawanda zvekutyisidzira kwemakungwa ese nemakungwa epasi. Sezvaunogona kutarisira, iyi kesi haina kusiyana. Kutevera kuwanikwa kwemafuta uye gasi chaiwo akachengetedzwa aripo pasi pegungwa iri, North Sea ndiyo yanga iri nyaya yekushandiswa kwakanyanya mukutengeserana. Nyika dzese dzakatenderedza North Sea dzave kuwedzera kushandisa zvisaririra zvemafuta uye kumahombekombe vanozvipfumisa nekutora jecha nematombo.
Nekuda kwezviitiko zvehupfumi izvi, zvipenyu zvegungwa zvave kudzikira kupihwa iyo kuunzwa kwemuchina munzvimbo dzekugara uye nemitengo yepamusoro yekusvibisa uye hove yakawandisa. Dzimwe mhando dzakatsakatika senge maFlamingos uye hofori auk. Iyi yekupedzisira mhuka yaparara muPasi rese.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve iyo North Sea nehunhu hwayo.