Munguva dzekare kwaive nevanhu vaisatenda mukushanduka-shanduka kana mukuwanikwa kwezvimwe zvinhu. Kugadzirisa izvo zvaive zvatove munzvimbo uye izvo zvaifungidzirwa kuti ichokwadi zvaisakwanisa kuchinja nehusiku nekuti munhu mutsva akati ndizvo. Izvi ndizvo zvakaitika Giordano Bruno yekupikisa huwandu hwevanhu nezvekuti iro Nyika rakanga risiri iro repakati peChechi.
Muchikamu chino, isu ticha tsanangura zvakaitika kuna Giordano Bruno uye nezvaakashandisa.
Ndiani aive Giordano Bruno?
Icho chiri chemurume akazvipira kwakawanda kwehupenyu hwake kufilosofi nedzidziso yebhaibheri. Ainamata zvakanyanya uye ainyora nhetembo nemitambo. Iye akazvarwa muna 1548 muNola Napoles. Akatongerwa rufu neChechi Chekubvunzurudza nekuti akaita chiito chekuratidzira achipokana nechechi, achiti Nyika yakanga isiri nzvimbo yepasi rose.
Sekuziva kwedu nhasi, nyika yedu ndeyaJehovha Solar system, inoumbwa nemamwe mapuraneti masere ane mabudiro awo akakomberedza Zuva. Muna 1548 pakanga pasina tekinoroji yakadaro yekuziva chinzvimbo chedu muChadenga. Sevanhu vagara vari, vakatadza kuzvifunga uye, zveshuwa, mune ino kesi, isu takatenda isu taive muzinda wezvose. Giordano Bruno akatongerwa rufu uye, mazuva mashoma zvisati zvaitika, Papa Clement VIII vakamupa mukana wekuramba mazano ake uye vatendeuke.
Nyaya inoti Bruno haana kuramba zvaaitenda kunyangwe nekupisa padanda. Aive akasimba kune zvaaifunga kusvika pekupedzisira. Zvino zvinogona kugumiswa kuti murume, uyo kuwanikwa kwakafambiswa mberi kwenguva yake, akaurawa zvakaipisisa nekuzvifunga kwevanhu nekereke.
Matambudziko ake akatotanga riinhi akashinga kuverenga zvinyorwa zvakarambidzwa zvemuzivi wechiDutch Desiderius Erasmus weRotterdam. Izvi zvakaitika mugore ra1575 uye, kubva panguva iyoyo, Bruno akaiswa mucherechedzo. Uku kwaingova kutanga kwematambudziko ake. Zvitendero zvake kubva padiki kwazvo zvaityisidzira kereke, nekuti aive nenzira yake yekunzwisisa dzidziso. Ruzhinji rwevanamati rwakatambura nekusagadzikana pakunzwa zvinhu zvakataurwa naBruno nezvePasi kunyangwe aivewo munhu anonamata.
Matambudziko muhupenyu
Tichifunga nezvekutenda kwake kwakasiyana pazera rake (iro rakazowanikwa riine chokwadi), Giordano anonzi haana kumbogamuchirwa nevechitendero. Akagadzwa semupirisita uye akapomerwa manyepo. Nekuda kweizvi aifanira kusiya Order ndokudzingwa. Akazotendeukira kuchiCalvinism, kunyangwe pfungwa dzake dzakatsoropodza dzakatungamira kukurumidza kujeri.
Kwete Bruno chete akatambudzwa neBvunzurudzo nekuda kwekuva nepfungwa kana zvitendero zvisingawirirane nechitendero, asi vakangwara vakasiyana vakarwiswa noutsinye nevaya vakaedza kuparidza shoko raMwari nekuunza runyararo panyika.
Muhupenyu hwake hwese, chete ainyatsofara uye akakwanisa kuve nerunyararo mukati memakore aaive muLondon, Paris neOxford. Chete ipapo aive iye aikwanisa kuvandudza hunyanzvi hwake, achiwana mukurumbira semunyori wemabasa akasiyana ezvidzidzo zvebhaibheri.
Akatangawo kusimbisa mamwe emafungiro ake nezvesainzi uye dzidziso yekudenga yaNicolás Copernicus neSolar System. Idzi dzidziso dzaive zvakare dziri pasi pekutyisidzirwa neInquisition uye yaitsigirwa naGalileo Galilei.
Pfungwa pamberi penguva yayo
Uye kwave kuine vanhu vanga vafambira mberi zvakanyanya panguva yavakararama. Mumwe purofesa kubva kuDhipatimendi reFizikiki yeUniversity University yeSao Paulo (UNESP) anonzi Rodolfo Langhi akavimbisa kuti Bruno aiziva nekutsigira chokwadi chekuti Zuva ndiro raive nzvimbo yeUniversal. Uyezve, anga agadzira dzidziso dzakasiyana siyana zvichienderana nezvaakange adzidza. Akasimbisa kuti Chadenga hachina magumo uye kuti chakange chisina kana nzvimbo imwechete sekuziva kwedu. Ndokunge, paive nenyika dzakagarwa sePasi uye kuti boka rega rega remapuraneti rakatenderedza nzvimbo yayo.
Bruno akatofunga mugore ra1575 kuti muPasi nepasi paive nemamwe mapuraneti akawanda sePasi nedzimwe nyeredzi hombe dzakadai seZuva. Akasimbisa kuti kune mamwe mapuraneti anopfuura Saturn kutenderera zuva. Gare gare, mushure mekuwanikwa kwe Uranus, Neptune y Pluto muna 1871m 1846 na 1930, zvichiteerana, zvakaratidzwa kuti akanga asina kukanganisa.
Dambudziko raive naBruno neruzhinji nderekuti aisamisa zvitendero zvake pasainzi data uye humbowo. Mukupesana, iye aifunga nezvezvitendero zvechitendero uye ndizvo zvaive zvichimupa matambudziko anowedzera kusvika ave mukucherechedzwa kweBvunzurudzo. Mushure mekupomedzerwa mupanduki, aifanira kubva kuParis muna 1586. Akanyora zvinyorwa zvakawanda mariri akatuka vatungamiriri veChechi nenhengo kungosimbisa pfungwa dzake.
Mushure mekubva kuParis akaenda kuGerman kwaakanopotera muchiLutheranism. Ivo vakamudzingawo kubva ipapo nekufamba kwenguva.
Kuguma kwaGiordano Bruno
Kanganiso yakaipisisa yehupenyu hwake pasina kupokana yaive yekudzokera kuItari mushure memakore gumi nemashanu kubva. Uye ndezvekuti iye akatengeswa nemukurumbira Giovanni Mocenigo uyo, pasi pechikonzero chekuti Bruno aive mudzidzisi wake, Akamukoka kumba kwake uye ndiko kwaakamugamuchidza kuVenice Enquisition.
Paakave nemuedzo unoenderana, akaisa parutivi kuzvitutumadza nekuzvikudza kwaakange ave nako kwemakore ese aya uye akabata vatongi zvakanaka kwazvo. Zvisinei, yakanga yakanyanyisa kunonoka kudzokera kumashure nhanho shomanana. Mutongo wacho ndewekuti akapisirwa pachena padanda nemaoko eBvunzurudzo. Kunyangwe akataura kuti kuparidza kwake Ivo vaive vasiri chinamato, asi uzivi, akafira padanda, akapiswa mugore ra1600.
Sezvauri kuona, vaparidzi vechokwadi vechokwadi vakapondwa zvine utsinye munhoroondo yese neChechi. Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve hupenyu hwaGiordano Bruno.