mphamvu ya relativistic

Mwa mitundu yamphamvu yomwe timadziwa m'munda wa physics tili ndi mphamvu ya relativistic. Ndi za mphamvu imeneyo yomwe imabadwa kuchokera ku mphamvu ya kinetic ya chinthu chomwe mphamvu yake imapuma. Mphamvu yamtunduwu imadziwika kuti mphamvu yamkati. Mphamvu za relativistic ndizofunikira kwambiri mufizikiki.

Chifukwa chake, m'nkhaniyi tikuwuzani zomwe zili, kufunikira, ndi zina zambiri zokhudzana ndi mphamvu ya relativistic.

Kodi mphamvu ya relativist ndi chiyani

Mphamvu ya relativistic ya tinthu tating'ono imatanthauzidwa ngati kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zake za kinetic ndi kupuma. Mu fizikisi, mphamvu yolumikizana ndi chinthu chamtundu uliwonse wakuthupi (waukulu kapena ayi). Mtengo wake umawonjezeka pamene njira ina imasamutsira mphamvu, zimasintha kukhala ziro pamene dongosolo likutha kapena kuwonongedwa. Choncho, kwa dongosolo lopatsidwa la inertial reference, mtengo wake udzadalira momwe thupi limakhalira, ndipo lidzakhalabe lokhazikika ngati dongosolo lomwe linanenedwa liri lokha.

Pamene Albert Einstein, yemwe ankaonedwa kuti ndi wasayansi wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse, anayamba kupeza njira yake yotchuka yotchedwa Energy=mc2, sankadziwa kuti angagwiritsire ntchito mfundo zake zotani zokhudza mmene zinthu zinalili panthawiyo.

Powerengera liwiro, mtunda womwe wayenda uyenera kugawidwa ndi nthawi yofunikira kuyenda. Fomula ili ndi zinthu ziwiri zomwe ziyenera kusintha: danga ndi nthawi, chifukwa liwiro la kuwala kumakhalabe chimodzimodzi.

Kumbukirani kuti mphamvu ndi katundu wa zinthu zomwe zimawathandiza kugwira ntchito. Tikamachita zimenezi, tikhoza kusamutsa mphamvu ku chinthucho, n’kuchichititsa kuti chiziyenda. Misa imakhalanso yogwirizana kwambiri ndi kuyenda. Koma zimagwirizananso ndi inertia, kukana kusuntha, zinthu zolemera kwambiri, kapena kuyenda komwe sitingathe kuchedwetsa kapena kuyimitsa pamene akuthamanga kwambiri.

Misa ndiye muyeso wa inertia yowonetsedwa ndi chinthu.. Zinthu zokhala ndi misa yambiri zimakhala zovuta kufulumizitsa ndikuphwanya. Mphamvu ndi misa mu equation ndizofanana. Akatswiri ena a sayansi ya zakuthambo amaona misa ngati mphamvu ndipo sakukokomeza. Titha kusintha unyinji waukulu kukhala mphamvu ndi mosemphanitsa. Mwachitsanzo, unyinji wa maatomu ena ukhoza kusinthidwa kukhala mphamvu yopangira zida za nyukiliya, kapena kusinthidwa kukhala ntchito zina zankhondo, kutulutsa mphamvu zambirimbiri zomwe zimawononga chilichonse chozungulira.

Makhalidwe apamwamba

Mphamvu ya relativistic imalumikizidwa ndi kulemera kwa chinthu. Malingana ndi chiphunzitso cha relativity, kulemera kwa chinthu kumawonjezeka pamene ikuyandikira liwiro la kuwala. Chifukwa chake, Kukwera kwa mphamvu ya relativistic ya chinthu, ndikukula kwake. Ubale wapakati pa mphamvu ndi misa ndiwofunikira pakumvetsetsa subatomic particle physics ndi kupanga mphamvu mkati mwa nyenyezi ndi zida zanyukiliya.

Mphamvu ya Relativistic imakhalanso ndi katundu wapadera womwe sungathe kuwonongedwa kapena kulengedwa, koma ukhoza kusinthidwa kuchoka ku mawonekedwe kupita ku wina. Izi zimadziwika kuti mfundo yosunga mphamvu. Munjira iliyonse yakuthupi, mphamvu yonse, yomwe zikuphatikizapo mphamvu relativistic ndi mitundu ina ya mphamvu, amakhalabe nthawi zonse. Mkhalidwewu ndi wofunikira kuti timvetsetse momwe zida zanyukiliya zimagwirira ntchito komanso momwe mphamvu zakuthambo zimayendera.

Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu zamtunduwu zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pofotokozera zochitika monga ma radiation a electromagnetic ndi mafunde okoka. Zochitika izi ndi mafunde amphamvu omwe amafalikira kudzera mu nthawi ya mlengalenga, ndipo khalidwe lawo ndi makhalidwe awo akhoza kufotokozedwa bwino pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo za mphamvu za relativistic.

Momwe mphamvu zamagetsi zimagwirira ntchito

Misa ndi mphamvu zimagwirizana kwambiri, ndi chiyanjano chofanana chomwe chinafotokozedwa ndi katswiri wa sayansi ya ku Germany Albert Einstein mu chiphunzitso chake cha chiyanjano chapadera. Mwanjira ina, kulemera kochepa kumafanana ndi mphamvu zambiri. Mphamvu ya relativistic ilibe malire pamene zinthu zikuyenda pa liwiro loyandikira liŵiro la kuwala.

Choncho, imakhala yaikulu kwambiri, ndipo palibe mphamvu yomwe ingakhoze kufulumizitsa, kotero kuthamanga kwa kuwala ndi malire osagonjetseka a thupi. Ngati tikumbukira kuti misa imatanthauzidwa ngati mgwirizano pakati pa mphamvu ndi kuthamanga, timamvetsetsa kuti misa ndi muyeso wa momwe chinthu chikuchulukira mofulumira.

Komabe, izi Siziyenera kutipangitsa kuganiza kuti ngati tiyenda pafupi ndi liwiro la kuwala, tidzawona kuchuluka kwa anthu. Sikoyenera kuganiza kuti unyinji wonse wa thupi umasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu kapena mosiyana. Ndiko kuti, mphamvu zambiri zimatha kusinthidwa kukhala misa.

Mwina pachifukwa ichi, olemba ambiri masiku ano amanena kuti ndi bwino kuti asagwiritse ntchito adjectives of relativity, koma adjectives a mphamvu zonse ndi misa yokhazikika, kutsindika kuti mtengo wa m0 ndi wofanana mu dongosolo lililonse, ndi E. (mphamvu)) zidzatengera dongosolo losankhidwa.

Mofananamo, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti liwiro ndi mphamvu ndi magnitude vekitala. Ngati tigwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pa chinthu chomwe chikuyenda m'njira yomweyo pa liwiro loyandikira liŵiro la kuwala, misa idzakhala yogwirizana. Komabe, ngati tigwiritsa ntchito mphamvuyi motsatira kayendetsedwe kake, zomwe zimatchedwa Lorentz factor zidzakhala 1, popeza liwiro lomwelo lidzakhala zero. Ndiye tiwona khalidwe losiyana kwambiri.

Zitha kuganiziridwa kuti misa imatha kusintha, koma osati malingana ndi liwiro, komanso momwe mphamvu ikugwiritsidwira ntchito. Chifukwa chake, kulingalira uku kumatsutsa kwathunthu kuti misa ya relativist ndi lingaliro lenileni la thupi.

momwe imasungidwa

Atomu iliyonse ndi kagawo kakang'ono kodzaza ndi mphamvu, ndipo imatha kusintha mphamvu ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta kuwala (kotchedwa photons) kukhala chinthu. Chifukwa chake, ndizothandiza komanso zogwiritsidwa ntchito bwino, zomwe zimapereka njira yabwino yothetsera zosowa zamphamvu zaumunthu.

Ndi kusungirako, kutembenuka kwa mphamvu ya nyukiliya kukhala magetsi kungatheke kupyolera mu njira yovuta ya fission ndi fusion. Pachifukwa chimenechi, Einstein amaonedwa kuti ndi tate wa sayansi ya nyukiliya.

Ndikuyembekeza kuti ndi chidziwitsochi mungaphunzire zambiri za mndandanda wa mphamvu ndi makhalidwe ake.