El Pico de Orizaba Aia ia ma ka piko o Mekiko a me ʻAmelika ʻĀkau. He piko ia i loaʻa ka lua pele i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka pele i loko o kona mōʻaukala. He nui kona mau moʻolelo a me nā moʻolelo hoihoi e ʻike.
No laila, e hoʻolaʻa mākou i kēia ʻatikala e haʻi iā ʻoe i nā mea āpau e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike e pili ana i ka piko ʻo Orizaba, kona ʻano, nā pele a me nā mea hou aku.
ʻO
Nā ʻano o ka piko ʻo Orizaba
Ma Nahuatl, ʻo Citlaltépetl ka inoa o ka piko o Orizaba, ʻo ia hoʻi, "mauna o nā hōkū" a i ʻole "puʻu hōkū". Wahi a ka moʻolelo, piʻi ke akua Aztec ʻo Quetzalcóatl i ka lua pele i kekahi lā a hoʻomaka i kāna huakaʻi i ke ao pau ʻole. I loko o kona mōʻaukala, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia he 23 pele a me 2 mau pele ʻole. ʻO Pico de Orizaba ka piko kiʻekiʻe loa a me ka lua pele ma Mekiko a me ʻAmelika ʻĀkau. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Pico de Orizaba ma ka limestone a me ka slate i ka wā Cretaceous.
Aia i waenakonu, ua hoʻopau ke ahi i kona kino make, akā ua lilo kona ʻuhane i ke ʻano o ka quetzal lele a hiki i ka ʻike ʻia ʻana mai lalo mai, ua like ia me ka hōkū ʻālohilohi. No kēia kumu, kapa ʻia e ka poʻe Aztec ʻo Citlaltépetlal lua pele. ʻO Pico de Orizaba ka piko kiʻekiʻe loa a me ka lua pele ma Mekiko a me ʻAmelika ʻĀkau. Ua manaʻo ka Global Volcano Program of the Smithsonian Institution i kona kiʻekiʻe ma 5.564 mika, ʻoiai ke kau nei ka Geological Service of Mexico iā 5.636 mika ma luna o ka ʻilikai. No kona ʻaoʻao, ke hōʻoia nei ka National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) he 5.610 mika ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lua pele.
Aia ia ma ka ʻāina ma waena o nā mokuʻāina ʻo Veracruz a me Puebla ma ka ʻāpana hema-waena o ka ʻāina. ʻIke ʻia mai ka ʻilikai, ʻaneʻane like ke ʻano o kona ʻano a he puʻu nui a me ka lua oval 500 mika ākea a ma kahi o 300 mika ka hohonu. He ʻāpana ia o ka Transversal Volcanic Axis, he ʻōnaehana mauna ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka pā o ʻAmelika ʻĀkau. ʻO ia kekahi o nā lua pele glacial ʻekolu ma Mekiko, ma ka ʻākau a me ke komohana ʻākau. Ua emi nui kēia mau hau hau i nā makahiki i hala iho nei.
ʻO ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka lua pele Pico de Orizaba
ʻO ke koʻi lua pele transverse kekahi mau lua pele a ʻo ia ka hopena o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o nā papa Cocos a me Rivera ma lalo o ka pā o ʻAmelika ʻĀkau. Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Pico de Orizaba ma luna o ka limestone a me ka shale i ka wā Cretaceous, akā ua hana maoli ʻia e ke kaomi mai ka pelemaka i loaʻa ma waena o nā palena pā.
Ua hoʻomohala kēia stratovolcano i kona ʻano ma luna o nā miliona mau makahiki, i wehewehe ʻia ma ka ʻike ʻana i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana e pili ana i nā stratovolcanoes superimposed o kēia manawa, kahi i hana pinepine ʻia ai a luku ʻia. Ua hoʻomaka ka hana mua ma kahi o 3 miliona mau makahiki aku nei i ka Middle Pleistocene, i ka wā i ulu ai ke kumu holoʻokoʻa o ka lua pele. Ua paʻa ka pele i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai loko mai o ka Honua a hoʻokumu i ka Torrecillas stratovolcano, akā hāʻule i loko. ʻo ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau hikina i alakaʻi ʻia i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka caldera 250.000 mau makahiki i hala.
Ma ka papa ʻelua, ua puka mai ka cone Espolón de Oro ma ka ʻākau o ka lua pele o Torrecillas a ua mau ka lua pele ma ka aoao komohana. Ua hiolo ka hale ma kahi o 16.500 makahiki aku nei, ma hope o ke kolu o ka mahele: ke kukuluia o ka cone o keia wa iloko o ka lua kohu kohu lio i waihoia mai e ka Espolón de Oro. Ua kamailio pu no hoi no ka ha o ka mahele, oia hoi ke kukulu ana i kekahi mau domes pele i kukuluia i ka wa o ka la. ka hoʻomohala ʻana o Espolón de Oro: Tecomate a me Colorado. Ua hoʻohui ʻia ka lua pele i kēia manawa i ka wā o Pleistocene a me Holocene hope loa, a ua hoʻomaka kāna hana me ka kahe ʻana o ka pele dacite i hoʻokumu ʻia kona mau cones.
Nā Hoʻopau
ʻO ka pele hope loa o Pico de Orizaba mai ka makahiki 1846 a ʻaʻole i hana ʻia mai ia manawa mai. I loko o kona mōʻaukala, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia he 23 pele a me 2 mau pele ʻole. Ua hoʻopaʻa nā Aztec i nā hanana i ka makahiki 1363, 1509, 1512 a me 1519-1528, a aia na hoike o na pele e ae ma 1687, 1613, 1589-1569, 1566 a me 1175.. ʻO ka 7530 BCE ka mea i hōʻoia mua ʻia. C±40. ʻOiai ʻo ia he stratovolcano a loaʻa kahi cone nui i hana ʻia e nā pele pahū, ʻaʻole i iho ʻo Pico de Orizaba i ka mōʻaukala ʻo ia kekahi o nā lua pele luku loa ma Mexico.
Nā Components
Ua hoʻokumu ka lua pele i kekahi mau kahawai, me nā muliwai Cotaxtla, Jamapa, Blanco, a me Orizaba. Aia ia ma kahi ʻāpana ʻano anu, ʻoluʻolu i ke kauwela a me ka ua ma waena o ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo.
No ka mea kanu a me nā holoholona, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ululāʻau coniferous, ka nui o nā pine a me ka oyamel, akā e ʻike pū ʻoe i ka alpine scrub a me nā zacatonales. He home ia no nā bobcats, skunks, ʻiole lua pele, a me nā ʻiole Mekiko.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā hana like ʻole. He lua pele conical aneane like me ka lua pele oval ma kahi o 480 me 410 mika ke anawaena. He 154.830 mau mika square ka lua a me ka hohonu o 300 mika.. Mai ka piko hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā pae mauna ʻē aʻe e like me Iztaccíhuatl a me Popocatépetl (nā lua pele ikaika), Malinche a me Cofre de Perote.
ʻO nā lua pele ke kumu nui o ka wai no nā kaiāulu. Ua nalowale ʻekolu o nā glacier ʻelima ma Pico de Orizaba i nā makahiki he 50 i hala iho nei, a koe wale nō ka Jamapa Glacier, e hoʻomaka ana ma 5,000 mika ma luna o ka ʻilikai a ʻo ia ka glacier nui loa ma Mexico a me Central America.
Ua hōʻoia ka poʻe noiʻi mai ka Center for Atmospheric Sciences of Mexico e pili ana nā hopena o ka hoʻomehana honua i ka ʻāina o ka lua pele. Ke nalo nei nā glaciers o ʻekolu o nā lua pele kiʻekiʻe loa o Mexico. Ma Iztaccíhuatl a me Popocatépetl ʻaʻohe mea i koe, ʻoiai ʻo Pico de Orizaba ma ke ala like e hōʻemi ai i kona mānoanoa a me ka hoʻonui. I loko o kona mōʻaukala, ua ʻike ʻia he 23 pele i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a ʻelua mau pele ʻole, ʻo ka pele hope loa mai ka makahiki 1846. ʻAʻole ia i manaʻo ʻia he lua pele luku.
He aha ka moʻolelo o Pico de Orizaba?
Wahi a ka moʻolelo o ka ʻāina, i ka wā kahiko, i ka wā o ka poʻe Olmec, e noho ana kekahi koa nui i kapa ʻia ʻo Navalny. He wahine u'i a koa loa ia, a e hele mau ana me kona hoaloha oiaio o Ahuilizapan, oia hoi "Orizaba", he osprey nani.
Ua kū ʻo Nahuani i kekahi o nā kaua nui loa a ua pio. ʻO kona hoa aloha ʻo Ahui Lizapan, ua ʻoluʻolu loa ʻo ia, ua piʻi ʻo ia i ka piko o ka lani a hāʻule nui i ka honua.
Manaʻo wau me kēia ʻike hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo hou e pili ana i ka piko ʻo Orizaba a me kāna mau ʻano.
E lilo i mea mua e wehewehe