A yau za mu yi magana ne game da mafi kogin da ya ratsa ƙasar Jamus. Game da shi Kogin Rin. Kodayake yana da girman girma idan aka kwatanta da sauran koguna sanannu a duniya kamar Kogin Nilu da Amazon, yana daya daga cikin mahimman hanyoyin ruwa a duk yammacin Turai. Ruwa ce ɗayan kogunan da al'adun Jamusawa suke bi da su gaba ɗaya tunda akwai labaru, tatsuniyoyi, almara da sauran waƙoƙi waɗanda Rhine River ke mabuɗin.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku game da duk halaye, samuwar, ilimin ƙasa, flora da fauna na Kogin Rhine.
Babban fasali
Jikin ruwa ne wanda ke cikin yankin Turai kuma yafi wucewa ta cikin Jamus. Haihuwar sa ana faruwa ne a yankin yankin Grisons, wanda yake a tsaunukan Switzerland. Bakinsa ya ƙare a Tekun Arewa kuma yana da tsawon kilomita 1230. Ruwan nasa suna gudana a cikin shugabanci daga arewa zuwa arewa maso yamma kuma sun kasance ne sakamakon wani ruwa mai zurfin ruwa wanda yake da kimanin kimanin muraba'in kilomita 185.000. Suna da yawan adadin kwararar ruwa, wanda ya kai kimanin mita 2900 na dakika biyu.
Ana ciyar da shi ta ruwan wasu ƙananan koguna waɗanda ke aiki a matsayin raƙuman ruwa kuma waɗannan sune: Tamina, da Rein da Medel, da Neckar, da Moselle, da Ruhr da Lahn. Ana ɗaukar Kogin Toma a matsayin babban harajin Rhine River, amma ba a kira shi da wannan sunan ba, amma har yankin da kogunan Vorderrhein da Hinterrhein suka hadu, ba ya karɓar wannan sunan. Da zarar sun wuce wadannan kogunan hanyar gaba ta wuce ta wani tsaunin tsauni mai kankara wanda aka fi sani da Rhine Valley.
Yayin da tsarinta ke tafiya, beginsasar ta fara zama mai ɗan taushi kuma ruwan ya zubo a Tekun Constance sannan ya koma yamma. Lokacin da ya isa arewacin Switzerland akwai wani nau'in ruwan sama tunda ya faɗi zuwa tsayin kusan mita 23.
Ba su da girma sosai ko faɗuwa masu ban sha'awa amma suna da kyan gani. Da zarar ta isa matakin ruwan ruwan, sai ta ci gaba da tafiya zuwa teku. Lokacin da yake kusa da bakinsa, kogin Meuse da Scheldt suna haɗuwa kuma tsakanin batutuwan suna ƙirƙirar Delta da tarin tashoshi.
Samuwar kogin rhine
Ya kamata mu san hakan Har yanzu babu wata yarjejeniya da ta nuna ainihin shekarun wannan kogin. Akwai wasu karatun da suka kasa tantance tabbatattun bayanai kan shekarun kogin. Sananne ne cewa samuwar wannan kogin yana da nasaba da sakamako na halitta wanda aka samu ta hanyar daukaka kasashe da samuwar tsaunuka. Yayin Zamanin Eocene, orogeny daga karshe ya haifar da fashewa wanda ya tashi daga arewa zuwa kudu kuma hakan ya sanya jikkunan ruwa da dama wadanda suke a wancan lokacin suna tafiya kasa.
Da zarar wannan orogeny ya jagoranci yankunan da zasu iya zama jikin ruwa, karamin rafi ya fara samuwa. An koya wannan ta hanyar lura da tsofaffin abubuwan ƙwanan ruwa na Rhine River har zuwa yau. Duk waɗannan abubuwan tsaran sun fara daga Miocene.
Canza karamin rafin ya dauki wasu shekaru dubu don canza hanyarsa saboda matakin teku yana ta hauhawa a yankin Netherlands. A sakamakon haka, kogin Rhine ya canza hanyarsa yayin zamanin holocene.
Flora da fauna na kogin Rhine
Za mu ga abin da mafi yawan ciyawa da fauna na wannan kogin. Ka tuna cewa yana da ikon ɗaukar nau'in dabbobi da yawa da fiye da nau'in flora 50. Wasu daga cikin kifi mafi yawa da aka samo a ko'ina cikin kogin sune kifi na yau da kullun, rafin fitila, barbel, fitilar kogi, kifin zinare, mara amfani, eel na yau da kullun, da ciyawar ciyawa.
Idan mun lissafa ne kawai an sami nau'ikan kifaye sama da 50 daga cikinsu 37 daga cikinsu 'yan asalin yankin ne kuma sauran mutane sun gabatar da su kan lokaci. Ba wai kawai yana da fauna da ke da alaƙa da ruwa ba, har ma yana da wasu nau'o'in fauna waɗanda ke kewaye da dukkanin yanayin halittu. Mun ga nau'ikan tsuntsaye da yawa da ke zaune a yankinku. Sun shafe tsawon lokacin hunturu a can don su huta da ƙaura. Misali, muna ganin nau'ikan tsuntsaye kamar su mallard, goose na fuska, tudun Turawa, tufafin tuffa, kwaruwar gama gari, babban mai kamala, osprey da babban cormorant. Hakanan akwai wasu swans waɗanda suke ɓangare na dabbobin tsuntsaye waɗanda suke na wannan kogin.
Hakanan ana samun nau'ikan nau'ikan amphibians da dabbobi masu rarrafe ko'ina cikin kogin Rhine. Sun yi fice a tsakanin su jan kwado, da toad da macijin da aka haɗu.
Amma itacen flora, ya ƙunshi tsire-tsire na ruwa irin su ciyayi waɗanda ake samunsu cikin yawo a bakin kogin. Akwai wasu shekaru masu daddawa wadanda suke da furanni wadanda suke jure wa kasa mai danshi. Wadannan tsire-tsire sune lili. Hakanan zaka iya samun wasu furanni kewaye da kogin waɗanda ke samar da ciyayi da yankuna tare da gajerun ciyawa. A wasu yankuna inda tsire-tsire zasu iya yin tsayi, ƙananan gandun daji na iya zama.
Mahimmancin tattalin arziki
Dole ne a yi la'akari da cewa wannan kogin hanya ce ta kewayawa a cikin cikin Turai kuma saboda hakan yana da mahimmancin tattalin arziki ga ƙasashe kewaye. Zai yiwu shine mafi mahimmanci a yammacin nahiyar. Daga cikin jimlar kogin, Ana tafiyar kilomita 880 kuma yana haɗuwa da Danube ta tashoshi. Kusa da bankunan akwai hanyoyi da titunan jirgin kasa da yawa waɗanda suma suke wucewa daga wannan wuri zuwa wancan.
Mahimmancin tattalin arzikin wannan kogin ya ta'allaka ne da cewa ana iya safarar kayan masana'antu da mutane ta cikin ruwansa. Godiya ga matsayinta na asali, tana cikin rikice-rikicen siyasa cikin tarihi.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da kogin Rhine da halayensa.