Ofaya daga cikin zamanin da ke cikin lokacin Neogene ya riga ya kasance Cenozoic kwatancen el Miocene. A wannan lokacin abubuwa da yawa sun faru a matakan ilimin ƙasa, yanayin yanayi da kuma ilimin ƙirar halitta. An sami manyan yawo a yanayin zafin jiki, farawa da digo sannan a hankali hawa sama. Wannan hauhawar yanayin zafi ya haifar da ci gaba da nau'ikan dabbobi da tsirrai da yawa.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku duk halaye, ilimin ƙasa, yanayi, fure da fauna na Miocene.
Babban fasali
Wannan zamanin ya fara kimanin shekaru miliyan 23 da suka gabata kuma ya ƙare kimanin shekaru miliyan 5 da suka gabata. An sami canje-canje a matakin orogenic wanda girma daga jerin tsaunuka daban-daban. Godiya ga dimbin burbushin halittu, zai yiwu a ga cewa ya kasance matakin da ya bunkasa sosai a matakin ilimin halittu inda akwai manyan nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Wannan rukunin shine wanda ya sami babban ci gaba da yalwata a duniya.
Miocene Geology
A lokacin zamanin Miocene ana iya lura da wani aiki mai matukar ilimin ƙasa tunda akwai babban motsi a ɓangarorin nahiyoyin da suka ci gaba da ƙaura daga Gudun daji. Ta wannan hanyar, kusan kusan sun mamaye wurin da suke a yau. Akwai kwararru da yawa da suke da'awar cewa, a lokacin, duniyar ta riga ta kusan daidaitawa kamar yadda take a yau.
Ofaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da suka faru a ƙasa shine karo da arewacin arewacin Afirka da yankin Larabawa. Wannan muhimmin abin da ya faru yana da mahimmanci saboda sakamakon rufe ɗayan tekun dole ne ya wanzu har zuwa wannan lokacin. Tekun shine Paratetis.
A wannan lokacin motsin Indiya bai taɓa gushewa ba. Ya kasance abin riƙewa da matsi akan yankin Asiya. Wannan ya haifar da duwatsu na Himalaya ya kasance yana ƙaruwa da tsawo da kuma samar da kololuwa mafi girma. A cikin labarin ƙasa na Bahar Rum akwai babban aiki na maganganu kuma wannan lokacin shine inda aka san tsaunuka sanannu a yau.
Sauyin yanayi
Kamar yadda muka ambata a farkon labarin, yanayin wannan lokacin yana da alaƙa da ƙananan yanayin zafi. Wannan na iya kawai a farkon kuma sakamakon fadada na fadada kankara a sandunan biyu. Wannan fadada kankara ya samo asali ne daga lokacin da aka gabata wanda aka sani da Eocene. Wasu yankuna dole ne su sami wasu shararru tunda basu sami damar rike danshi ba. Ka tuna cewa zafi shine mabuɗin ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta da tsire-tsire.
Wannan lokacin tare da irin wannan yanayin zafi bai daɗe ba. Ari ko lessasa a tsakiyar Miocene shine lokacin da zafin duniya ya fara ƙaruwa sosai. Wannan gaskiyar karuwar yanayin zafi an santa da Mafi kyawun yanayi na Miocene. A wannan lokacin, yanayin yanayin a hankali ya karu zuwa digiri 5 sama da yanayin yanzu. Wannan yana nufin cewa duniyar ta riga ta sami ƙaruwa mafi girma fiye da yadda take a yau. Koyaya, lokacin wannan ƙaruwar yayi jinkiri sosai, yana bawa jinsunan ƙarin lokacin daidaitawa.
Canjin yanayin duniya da muke ciki a halin yanzu yana ƙaruwa a kan ƙimar ɗan adam. Wannan yana sanya rayayyun halittu su kasa daidaitawa da sababbin yanayi. Godiya ga ƙaruwar yanayin zafi a doron ƙasa, yanayi mai sauƙin yanayi na iya haɓaka.
Ta hanyar haɓaka jerin tsaunuka tare da mahimmancin gaske da tsayi, anyi shi hazo zai ragu sosai. Yayin da Miocene ke cigaba, duk duniyar ta juya zuwa yanayi mai bushewa. Sabili da haka, an ƙara duk ƙarin gandun daji kuma an faɗaɗa hamada da tundras.
Flora
Mafi yawan nau'ikan dabbobi da tsirrai waɗanda suke cikin Miocene ana samun su a yau. Ana iya kiyaye shi tsawon wannan lokacin da ya kasance gagarumin raguwa a dazuzzuka da dazuzzuka saboda ƙaruwar zafin jiki da kuma tsawan ƙwarin da aka ambata a sama. Tunda ruwan sama yayi ƙasa da ƙasa kuma shuke-shuke suma sun dace da waɗannan canje-canje.
A lokacin zamanin Miocene sun fara mamaye tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire da wasu ƙananan ƙarancin ƙarfi waɗanda ke da tsayayya ga dogon lokacin fari. Ofayan ɗayan waɗannan nau'ikan shine babba. A wannan lokacin, angiosperms kuma sun haɓaka, waɗanda sune tsire-tsire waɗanda tuni sun riga sun rufe tsaba.
fauna
Dabbobi masu shayarwa sune mafi yawan rukunin dabbobi yayin zamanin Miocene. Zasu iya haɓaka gwargwadon iko saboda canjin yanayi. Hakanan yana da alaƙa da rufewar Tekun Paratetis. Duk nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa zasu bunkasa, daga karamin rukuni na beraye zuwa manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa kamar wasu na ruwa.
Hakanan tsuntsaye sunyi babban fadada a wannan lokacin. Dabbobin dabba wadanda suka mamaye lokacin sune wadannan:
- gomphotherium (Karewa)
- Amphicyon (Karewa)
- merychippus (Karewa)
- astrapotherium (Karewa)
- megapedetese (Karewa)
Daga cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa kuma zamu iya ganin sun banbanta sosai kuma suna da asalin kakannin whale na yanzu. Daga cikin waɗanda suka fi girma da haɓaka akwai waɗanda suke cikin ƙungiyar cetaceans, musamman odontocetes. Waɗannan dabbobi ne masu haƙori waɗanda suka kai tsawon mita 14. Abincinsu ya zama mai cin nama kuma suna ciyar da wasu kifaye, squid har ma da kyanwa iri ɗaya.
Kada mu manta da dabbobi masu rarrafe. Hakanan mun sami tarin dabbobi masu rarrafe waɗanda suka ci gaba sosai. An samo burbushin ne kawai a arewacin Kudancin Amurka. Ruwan kunkuru shine mafi girma har yanzu. Burbushin ya nuna mana kunkuru wanda zai iya tsayin mita biyu. Ya kasance a kan abincin mai cin nama kuma abincinsa ya kasance amphibians da kifi.
Kamar yadda kuke gani, wannan lokacin yayi kyau matuka ga cigaban dukkan rayuwa a doron duniya. Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da zamanin Miocene.