A rubutun da muka gabata muna ta nazari Dutsen Appalachian y Himalayas. Waɗannan tsarin ilimin ƙasa ya zama na musamman kuma na musamman a duniya. A yau muna ci gaba da rangadin waɗannan tsaunuka masu dogon buri, masu dimbin yawa a cikin halittu da kuma alama cewa duniyarmu tana raye. Bari muyi magana Duwatsu masu duwatsu. Yana da ɗayan mahimman tsawan tsauni a duk Amurka. Tana tsakanin Kanada da Amurka kuma ana ɗaukarta kashin baya na Arewacin Amurka.
Idan kana son sanin duk mahimmancin tsaunukan Rocky, wannan shine post naka.
Babban fasali
Godiya ga darajar muhallin halittu da kasancewar halittu masu yawa, wannan yanayi an kafa shi da taken Gandun Daji a shekarar 1915. Bugu da kari, daga baya, a shekarar 1984, UNESCO ta ayyana shi a matsayin Gidan Tarihin Duniya. Kuma shine a cikin waɗannan tsaunukan akwai wasu sirri masu yawa game da samuwar wannan duniya tamu kamar yadda muka santa a yau kuma mazaunin dubban jinsuna ne.
Tana da babban tsayi kusan kilomita 4800, kusan. Faɗinta yana tsakanin kilomita 110 da 440 a cikin mafi girman ɓangarensa. Wurin ya faro ne daga arewacin Alberta da British Columbia (duka biyun suna cikin Kanada) zuwa kudancin New Mexico. Yana ratsawa ta Babbar Filaye a gabas kuma ta ratsa mashigai da tuddai a yamma.
Ya haɗu da kewayon tsaunuka da yawa, saboda haka yana da faɗi sosai kuma ya cancanci karatu. Akwai duwatsu kamar na majalisar zartarwa da Salish. Kasancewa mai suna a matsayin Gidan Tarihin Duniya, yawancin ayyukan tattalin arziki an hana su. Ana yin wannan don kiyaye lafiyar halittu lafiya.
Dutsen tsaunukan Rocky suna tsare a tsakanin jigogin su ɗayan manyan kololuwa a duk Arewacin Amurka. Wannan shi ne Dutsen Elbert. Tana da tsayin mita 4.401. Thewanƙolin dutsen da ya rage a arewacin yana kiyaye yawancin glaciers waɗanda har yanzu suke a can tun daga ƙarshe glaciation. Wadannan kankara suna dauke da bayanai masu mahimmanci game da yanayin da yakamata masana kimiyya suyi cikakken nazari a kansu. Wajibi ne a bincika waɗannan ɗakunan kankara masu ci gaba waɗanda aka kirkira tsawon shekaru don samun cikakken bayani game da abubuwan da suka gabata na ilimin ƙasa.
Ban sha'awa sassa
A cikin arewacin Rockies zaku iya jin daɗin kyawawan shimfidar wurare masu ƙyama da zurfafan kwari waɗanda aka kirkira sama da miliyoyin shekaru ta hanyar aikin kankara. Ci gaba da daskarewa da narkewa yana samar da igiyoyin ruwa wanda ke tsara yanayin ƙasa da kuma kafa kwari waɗanda za mu iya yabawa a yau. Gaskiyar ita ce, yana da daraja a iya lura da yanayin ƙasa wanda aka kafa shi tun da daɗewa kuma cewa kawai yanayi ne ya tsoma baki a aikin gininsa.
Daga cikin sassa masu ban sha'awa don gani a cikin Rockies mun sami wasu mahimman koguna da aka samo a duk Arewacin Amurka. Tsakanin su mun haɗu da Kogin Colorado, Columbia da Bravo. Wadannan kogunan na tsarkakakkun ruwa suna shayar da ruwan da ke ci gaba da samarwa cikin tsarin daskarewa da narkewar da muka ambata a sama. Wannan yana tunatar da mu game da mahimmancin narkewar dusar kankara irin wannan ta fuskar hauhawar matakan teku da masifu waɗanda za a iya haifar da su daga wannan.
A cikin wannan shimfidar wuri na yanayi ba za mu iya ganin duwatsu kawai ba, har ma da wasu halittun duwatsu waɗanda aka samar da su ta hanyar ayyukan kankara, tsarin ilimin ƙasa da yanayin yanayi. Cigaba da aikin ruwan sama, iska, canje-canje a yanayin zafi, daskarewa da narkewa, da dai sauransu. Suna tsara shimfidar wurare tsawon shekaru kuma suna haifar da kyawawan tsarin ilimin ƙasa.
Ta yaya aka kafa Dutsen Rocky?
Muna magana ne akan yadda ake kirkirar wasu kyawawan tsari a wadannan wurare. Amma ta yaya aka kafa waɗannan tsaunukan tsaunuka? Wannan tsarin ilimin kasa wanda ya haifar da samuwar Rockies masana ilimin kimiyyar kasa ne ke nazarin sa sosai a duniya. Kuma wannan shine cewa waɗannan tsaunuka sun haɓaka a lokacin da Duniya take aiki sosai da ilimin ƙasa.
Farantin tectonic sun sha wahala da motsi mai ƙarfi wanda ya haifar da ɗaga saman ƙasa da kuma samuwar tsaunuka masu zuwa. An kafa Dutsen Appalachian da muka ambata a sama kuma aka yi cikakken bayani a cikin wani labarin daga karo na faren Laurentia da Gondwana plate a lokacin marigayi Carboniferous. Daga baya a cikin Eocene, ƙaddamar da zurfin zurfin yanayi ya faru a ƙarƙashin ɓawon burodi wanda a yau ya zama dukkanin yammacin Arewacin Amurka. Wannan ƙaramin yanki yana ɗaga ɓawon nahiyoyin duniya sosai kuma samuwar Rockies yana gudana a cikin ingantacciyar hanya.
Zai yiwu cewa bayanai daga karatun gaskiya ne kuma sun dace da waɗannan tsaunuka na shekarun tsakanin shekaru miliyan 55 zuwa 88. A saboda wannan dalili, muna iya gani a gaban idanunmu yanayin shimfidar wuri wanda hannun mutum bai tsoma baki ba kuma an kafa shi shekaru miliyan 88 da suka gabata.
Bayan shekaru miliyan 60 da suka gabata, da zarar samuwar su ta cika, duwatsu suna ƙarƙashin wakilan ilimin ƙasa da yanayin yanayi. Daga cikin su mun sami dacewar duwatsu. Amintaccen yanayi na jiki (saboda ci gaba da canje-canje a yanayin zafi da canjin yanayi) da kuma sinadarai saboda narkar da kayan ta hanyar aikin ruwa. Kari kan hakan, iska da ruwan sama suna ci gaba da sanya yanayin shimfidar wuri.
Flora da fauna
Kamar yadda muka ambata sau da yawa a cikin wannan sakon, akwai nau'ikan da yawa na flora da fauna waɗanda ke zaune a waɗannan wuraren. A cikin kyawawan shimfidar wurare na tundra, filayen, dazuzzuka, filayen ciyawa, dausayi da sauransu abubuwan rayuwa daban-daban na iya zama cikin jinsuna da yawa cikin daidaitaccen yanayin yanayin muhalli.
Daga cikin jinsunan da muke zaune tare muke samu barewa, barewa mai farin wutsiya, ƙaho mai busar ƙaho, zazzaɓi, beyar mai ruwan kasa, lynx na Kanada, da farin akuya.
Hakanan muna samun yalwar yalwar ciyayi da furanni da muke samu Ponderosa pine, itacen oaks, itacen fir, da sauransu.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin za ku iya koyo game da Dutsen Rocky.