Elinye lamagatsha e-geology ngu umabhebhana. Imayelana nokufundwa koqweqwe lomhlaba, ukubukeka komhlaba, amarekhodi ezinsalela, ukusatshalaliswa kwama-isotop ahlukahlukene olwandle nakwezinye izingxenye zemvelo ezihlobene ukunquma umlando wokuhluka kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni. Iningi lalezi zifundo lifaka uphenyo lomlando ngenhloso yokukwazi ukufunda yonke imiphumela imisebenzi yabantu enayo kwisimo sezulu.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela zonke izici, ukusebenza nokubaluleka kwe-paleoclimatology.
Izici eziyinhloko
Uma sikhuluma ngokufundwa koqweqwe lomhlaba, sisuke sisho izinguquko ekubunjweni nasekubunjweni kwawo. Iqiniso lokuthi amazwekazi ayahamba unyaka nonyaka kwenza isimo sezulu sendawo sihluke endaweni yesibili. Ucwaningo oluningi ku-paleoclimatology lubhekise kulo ubukhona babantu nemisebenzi yezomnotho nokuthi zithinta kanjani isimo sezulu seplanethi. Izibonelo zakamuva kakhulu zezifundo ze-paleoclimatology ziphathelene nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Njengoba sazi, kube nezinguquko zezulu ezahlukahlukene selokhu umhlaba wethu wasungulwa kuze kube namuhla. Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu ngakunye kudalwe yizinguquko ezahlukahlukene ekwakhekeni komkhathi. Kodwa-ke, zonke lezi zinguquko zesimo sezulu zenzekile ngesilinganiso semvelo esivumele izinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo nezilwane ezisatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke ukudala izindlela zokuzivumelanisa ukuze zikwazi ukusinda ngaphansi kwezimo ezintsha. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kwamanje okwenzeka kuleli khulu leminyaka kwenzeka ngesivinini esisheshayo esingavumeli izidalwa eziphilayo ukuba zivumelane naso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithelela yezemvelo eyenziwe imisebenzi yabantu kumele ingezwe.
Ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo kanye nemvelo yemvelo yezinhlobo zezilwane kungenye yezimbangela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokunyamalala kwezinto eziphilayo. Izindlela eziyisisekelo ezibangela izinguquko nokwehluka kwesimo sezulu zingavela ku- Ukukhukhuleka kwezwekazi kumjikelezo wokujikeleza nowokujikeleza komhlaba. Kungashiwo ukuthi i-paleoclimatology ifunda ngesimo sezulu esedlule kusuka ezinkomba zemvelo zemvelo. Lapho usuthole idatha ngesimo sezulu esedlule, uzama ukuveza ukuthi amazinga okushisa nokunye okuguquguqukayo komkhathi kuguquke kanjani esikhathini somlando womhlaba.
Inhloso ye-paleoclimatology
Lonke uphenyo olwenziwe ekutadisheni isimo sezulu esedlule, lungaqinisekisa ukuthi isimo sezulu seplanethi asikaze sizinze. Futhi kungukuthi kuzo zonke izikali zesikhathi besilokhu sishintsha futhi siyaqhubeka nokwenza njalo namuhla futhi sizokwenza njalo ngokuzayo. Isimo sezulu asiguquki nje ngesenzo somuntu kodwa futhi nangokwemvelo. Zonke lezi zinguquko zenza kube nesidingo sokwazi ukubaluleka kokuthambekela kwemvelo kokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ngale ndlela, ososayensi bangahlola ngokungenaphutha umthelela wangempela izenzo zomuntu ezinawo ezimweni zanamuhla zemvelo.
Ngenxa yocwaningo lwemithelela yemvelo yemisebenzi yabantu kwisimo sezulu, izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokubikezela zesimo sezulu sekusasa zingakhiwa. Empeleni, umthetho ofaka zonke izenzo maqondana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu njengamanje udwetshwe ngokwesisekelo sesayensi kusuka ocwaningweni lwesimo sezulu kanye noshintsho lwaso.
Emashumini eminyaka adlule, kuvele imibono ehlukene ezama ukuchaza umsuka wezinguquko zezulu ezahlukahlukene iplanethi yoMhlaba eye yahlangabezana nazo. Izinguquko eziningi zesimo sezulu zenzeke kancane, kanti ezinye bezivele zingazelelwe. Yilo mbono owenza ososayensi abaningi bangabaze ukuthi ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu njengamanje akuqhutshwa yimisebenzi yabantu. I-hypothesis esuselwa olwazini lwezinkanyezi ihlobanisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu nokuhlukahluka komjikelezo woMhlaba.
Kuneminye imibono ehlobanisa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu noshintsho ekusebenzeni kwelanga. Kunobunye ubufakazi bamuva nje obuxhumanisa imithelela yemeteorite, ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo, nokwehluka ekwakhekeni komkhathi nezinguquko zomhlaba esikhathini esedlule.
Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwe-paleoclimatology
Ukuze ube nomqondo womhlaba wonke wesimo sezulu kuwo wonke umlando, ukwakhiwa kabusha kwe-palaeoclimatic kuyadingeka. Lokhu kwakhiwa kabusha kunezinselelo ezinkulu. Lokho kusho ukuthi, awekho amarekhodi wesimo sezulu asebenzayo akhona ngale kweminyaka eyi-150 edlule ngoba bezingekho izinsimbi zokulinganisa izinga lokushisa nezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo ezisemkhathini. Lokhu kwenza ukwakhiwa kwamanani kube nzima kakhulu ukukwenza. Imvamisa, kwenziwa amaphutha ahlukahlukene ukukala amazinga okushisa adlule. Ngalesi sizathu, kuyadingeka ukwazi zonke izimo zemvelo zesikhathi esedlule ukusungula amamodeli aqonde ngokuthe xaxa.
Ubunzima bokwakhiwa kabusha kwe-paleoclimatic kuxhomeke ekutheni akwaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi izimo zokushisa zazinjani ezintweni zasolwandle, ebusweni bolwandle, ukuthi kwakujule kangakanani, umsebenzi we-algae, njll. Enye yezindlela zokusungula ukushisa kwamanzi olwandle okwedlule nge-index ye-UK/37. Le nkomba iqukethe ukuhlaziywa kwezidumbu zasolwandle zamakhemikhali athile akhiqizwa yi-unicellular photosynthetic algae. Lawa ma-algae atholakala endaweni yezithombe yolwandle. Le ndawo iyilapho ukukhanya kwelanga kuwela ngendlela yokuthi kuvumela i-photosynthesis ye-algae. Ubunzima bokusebenzisa le nkomba ukuthi akwaziwa ukuthi izilwandle zazijule kangakanani ngaleso sikhathi, zazingalinganiswa ziphi izinkathi zonyaka, ububanzi obuhlukile, njll.
Imvamisa kube nezinguquko kwezemvelo eziveza izindawo ezingafani nezezi ezikhona manje. Zonke lezi zinguquko bezaziwa sibonga amarekhodi omhlaba. Ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zinhlobo kuvumele i-paleoclimatology ukuthi yenze intuthuko enkulu ekuqondeni kwethu uhlelo lwesimo sezulu lomhlaba jikelele. Akungabazeki ukuthi sicwilile ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu kwazise amarekhodi esikhathi esedlule asikhombisa ukuthi kokubili izinga lokushisa kolwandle kanye nohlaza, ukwakheka komkhathi noma imisinga yolwandle bekulokhu kushintsha ngezikhathi ezithile kumjikelezo wamashumi ezinkulungwane zeminyaka.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge-paleoclimatology nokubaluleka kwayo.