Engxenyeni yasentshonalanga ekude kakhulu ye- ULwandle iMedithera sithola ulwandle oluyikhaya lezinto eziphilayo eziningi. Imayelana ne- ulwandle lwe-alboran. Imikhawulo yalolu lwandle imakwe ngasenyakatho ugu lwase-Andalusi, eningizimu ngoGu lweMedithera lwaseMorocco, entshonalanga yiStrait of Gibraltar nasempumalanga ngomugqa ocatshangwayo osuka eCabo de Gata uye eCabo Fegalo I-Algeria. Ulwandle oluncane kepha lubaluleke kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela zonke izici, i-geology ebalulekile yoLwandle i-Alboran.
Izici eziyinhloko
Luhlobo lolwandle kabani ubude obukhulu bungamakhilomitha angama-350. Ububanzi bayo bungaphezulu noma ngaphansi cishe ngamakhilomitha ayi-180, yize inciphe kakhulu njengoba sifika entshonalanga lapho kutholakala khona okubizwa nge-Arco de Gibraltar. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inani lokujula elijwayelekile elingatholakala kulolu lwandle cishe lilingamamitha ayi-1.000 XNUMX. Iphuzu elijule kakhulu kusuka kumamitha ayi-2.200, ukwazi ukusingatha inani elikhulu lezinhlobo zezilwane zasolwandle nezilwane zasolwandle.
Uma sibala zonke izindawo ezisogwini ezilimaza i-Alboran Sea, sithola iSpain, i-United Kingdom, iMorocco ne-Algeria. Kulolu lwandle sithola imisinga ehlukene kule ngxenye yeMedithera futhi iqine kakhulu ngenxa yokuhlangana nezidumbu zamanzi ezinamazinga okushisa ahlukene. Indawo lapho le misinga ihlangana khona isezindaweni eziqhamuka e-Atlantic naseStraits. Siyazi ukuthi imisinga engaphezulu yoLwandle i-Alboran ayabanda futhi anendlela yokugeleza ngasempumalanga. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma sihlaziya imisinga engaphansi kwamanzi, siyabona ukuthi igelezela kolunye uhlangothi. Lokhu kudala ukugeleza kwamanzi angaphansi kwamanzi ukuhambisa amanzi afudumele nosawoti aseMedithera abheke e-Atlantic.
Cishe icishe ibe ngamakhilomitha ayi-180 ububanzi ohlangothini olusenyakatho-ningizimu, ngenkathi i-longitude ohlangothini olusempumalanga nentshonalanga kusuka cishe kumakhilomitha angama-350.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zoLwandle i-Alboran
Ngenxa yokuhlangana okukhona phakathi kwemisinga yolwandle eyahlukahlukene e-Atlantic yeMedithera, i-Alboran Sea inokuhlukahluka okuphezulu kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo nemvelo. Lezi zinhlelo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zixhumene nezimo eziyingqayizivele zolwandle olutholakala kule ndawo. Ngenxa yokwehlukahluka okumangalisayo kolwandle, Ungabona futhi ukwakheka kwentaba-mlilo nemihosha engaphansi kwamanzi.
Imbangela yokuba khona kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo eziningi kulolu lwandle ukuthi iyindlela eyimpoqo yazo zonke izilwane ezinendlela yokuphila yokufuduka. Ukusuka lapha sithola inani elikhulu lezinhlobo zama-cetaceans, izinyoni, izimfudu zasolwandle nezinye izinhlobo ze-planktonic. Eziningi zalezi zinhlobo ziyizingane noma zincane kakhulu ngosayizi futhi zithwalwa yimisinga njengengxenye yomjikelezo wempilo. Ngenxa yobuningi bamaplankton engxenyeni engaphezulu yemifudlana, sinokuphakelwa okuhle kwezakhamzimba ezidingekayo njengesisekelo senethiwekhi ye-trophic.
Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nokuvela komsebenzi womnotho womuntu, le ngcebo yemvelo isongelwa ngabantu. Futhi ukuthi kukhona ivolumu enkulu yethrafikhi yasolwandle evela kumikhumbi yeziqukathi, izikebhe zamafutha, njll. Lokho kuhamba uLwandle i-Alboran njalo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi banemizila yokuxhuma phakathi kwe-Atlantic neMedithera. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi njalo ngonyaka Kunemikhumbi engaphezu kuka-800.000 kaHan edlula kule ndawo unyaka nonyaka.
Ngokuya ngezilwane, lolu lwandle luyindawo yokuhlala yabantu abaningi kunabo bonke bamahlengethwa ekhaleni entshonalanga yeMedithera. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunabantu abaningi noma abaningi abavamile nezinombolo eziningi zezimfudu zasolwandle. Lolu lwandle alucebile nje kuphela ngokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kodwa futhi luwumthombo obalulekile wezinhlanzi zokudoba izinhlanzi zasolwandle zesardine neze-swordfish. Ngalesi sizathu, isetshenziswa ngokweqile ngabantu.
I-Alboran Sea Islands
Yize lolu lwandle lungelude kakhulu, kunezinye iziqhingi ezaziwayo nezibaluleke kakhulu. Sizohlaziya ngakunye okuyiziziqhingi eziyinhloko nezimpawu zazo.
I-Alboran
Lesi siqhingi sithola igama laso ngenxa yolwandle lapho sitholakala khona. Isisiqhingana esincane esidabuka ezintabeni-mlilo futhi sisekude phakathi kwe-Afrika neYurophu. Kuyingxenye esempumalanga yolwandle. Yize incane, ngokomlando ibiyiphuzu elibalulekile emkhakheni wezempi nowasolwandle.
Namuhla ayihlali ngokuphelele futhi imvelo yayo yemvelo ivikelwe ngabezomthetho abahlukahlukene bamazwe omhlaba. Ukufinyelela kwayo kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele ngoba kuyikhaya lezinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane kuphela.
Ezinye iziqhingi
I-Alboran Sea iyikhaya lezinye iziqhingi ezincane futhi azaziwa kangako. Lonke ugu lwaseNyakatho Afrika lunamachashazi amancane neziqhingi. Ezinye zalezi ziqhingi zingaphansi kwendawo yaseSpain ngenxa yokusondela kwayo emadolobheni azimele eCeuta naseMelilla. Ake sihlaziye ukuthi yiziphi lezi ziqhingi ezincane:
- I-Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera: Kuyisiqhingi esinamamitha-skwele ayi-190 kuphela, yingakho sithathwa njengesiqhingi. Ngemuva kokuzamazama komhlaba okwenzeka ngo-1930, bakunamathisela ogwini ngamathe esihlabathi. Kuhlala kuphela ibutho elincane lebutho laseSpain.
- Idwala le-Alhucemas: incane kakhulu kunesiqhingi esidlule esinamamitha-skwele ayi-150 kuphela. Ivikelwe amawa futhi ibuye ibe nezinqaba zempi.
- I-Chafarinas Islands: Inendawo engamamitha-skwele angama-500 futhi iyisiqhingi esincane. Itholakala empumalanga yeMelilla futhi isondele kakhulu emngceleni wolwandle phakathi kweMorocco ne-Algeria. Izakhamuzi zayo kuphela ezempi nezesayensi ngaphakathi kwesiteshi semvelo.
Ukubaluleka kwemvelo
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, uLwandle i-Alboran lubaluleke kakhulu emvelweni ngoba liyikhaya lenqwaba yezinto eziphilayo. Kodwa-ke, ibhekene nezinkinga ezahlukahlukene njenge ukudoba ngokungakhethi, ukukhishwa okungcolisayo okungalawuleki kanye nezokuvakasha ngobuningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminyakeni yamuva nje lolu lwandle lube yindlela yokungena kwabantu ngokungemthetho ukusuka e-Afrika kuya eSpain, okuholele ekuphukeni kwemikhumbi eminingi nasekungcoleni kolwandle.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngoLwandle i-Alboran nezimpawu zalo.