Phakathi kwe izinhlobo zamadwala ezikhona emhlabeni, kukhona eyodwa ephawuleka kakhulu futhi ejwayelekile ezingxenyeni eziningi zeplanethi. Imayelana ne- pegmatite. Kuyisici sezinhlamvu zayo ezinkulu, ezingaphezu kuka-20 mm. Imvamisa usayizi wokusanhlamvu mncane kakhulu emadwaleni. Luhlobo lwedwala elingenantaba-mlilo elivela ekupholiseni okusheshayo nasekuqiniseni i-magma.
Kule ndatshana sizochaza ukuthi ziyini izici zedwala leli, lisebenzisani nalo nokunye okuningi.
Izici eziyinhloko
Leli dwala livela ngaphakathi kwemithambo ekujuleni okuphakathi lapho i-magma ekhona iqiniswa ukupholisa okusheshayo. Iqukethe izingxenye ezilinganayo ze-quartz, i-orthoclase feldspar nezinye amaminerali izesekeli ezinjengeMuscovite. Cishe kunoma yiliphi idwala singathola amaminerali ahlukile emithonjeni ehlukene. Lapha, singathola amaminerali e-oxide ne-silicate angavamile kakhulu. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi i-columbite ne-coltan.
Phakathi kwe-pegmatite, amanye amaminerali afunwa kakhulu ezitolo emhlabeni jikelele angakhishwa. Bangamatshe okuthiwa ayigugu afana netopazi, i-tourmaline ne-aquamarine. Lezi zimaminerali zifunwa kakhulu ngenxa yenkolelo yokuthi zinamandla abo okomoya. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ngokugqoka imigexo noma amasongo athile analawa mazwa, ama-chakra azoba nempilo enhle, futhi afeza umsebenzi wawo kangcono.
Umbala we-pegmatite ucacile, phakathi komhlophe nophinki. Kukhona nezinhlobonhlobo zemibala engwevu nokhilimu. Inamakristalu amakhulu namawele wokungena. Lapho izakhiwo zamatshe zihlaziywa, ngasinye sinokuthile okuhlukile. Kodwa-ke, lapho sikhuluma nge-pegmatite, siyaqaphela ukuthi isakhiwo sihlukile. Lolu hlobo lwesakhiwo lunikezwe igama lesakhiwo se-pegmatite.
Njengamanye amadwala ohlobo lwamaPhiloliya, amakristalu awo awavamile ukufana. Lokhu kungenxa yokuphola okusheshayo kwe-magma emithanjeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwamatshe kwenzeka ngezigaba ezihlukene namazinga okushisa futhi, ngokuya ngobude bawo, kuzoba nohlobo oluthile noma olunye. Amakristalu awanaso isikhathi sokwakheka kahle, ngakho-ke anesakhiwo esingalingani kahle.
Leli dwala livusa imisele, amaphakethe nemithambo ngaphakathi kwentaba-mlilo. Ihlala ihlotshaniswa negranite.
Izinhlobo ze-pegmatite
Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-pegmatite ngokuya ngezakhi ezivelele namaminerali akuyo. Okokuqala, siyahlangana i-granite pegmatite. Kusuka egameni layo singazi kalula ukuthi inamaminerali afanayo negranite. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu sokuthi kungani kuvame ukuhlobene naye.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinolunye uhlobo lwe-pegmatite olwaziwa nge-syenitic. Kulolu hlobo lwedwala sithola izakhi ze-alkaline ezikhiqizwe emazingeni okushisa ahlukene. Ekugcineni, sine-gabbroid pegmatite. Leli gama libhekise eqinisweni lokuthi izinto ezakhiwe ngalo ziyafana nezakwa-gabbro. Wonke lawa matshe ahlobene ngokuhlangana cishe kwemvelaphi efanayo nezimo zokwakheka.
Yize ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwehluka phakathi kokunye, kungahlukaniswa ngokwamaqembu amakhulu ama-pegmatites alula nalawo ahlanganisiwe. Kowokuqala sithola i-matrix ye-microcline ne-quartz enqamula i-nucleus nayo eyenziwe nge-quartz. Akuvamile ukuba nezindawo zamaminerali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinokwakhiwa, ukuthi ingqikithi izungezwe izindawo eziphakathi nendawo phakathi kodonga nonqenqema.
Amatshe abiza kakhulu futhi anentshisekelo enkulu kwezomnotho yilawo anezendlalelo ezincane ezimbozwe ukwehluka kwamaminerali. Phakathi kwalezi zimaminerali sithola i-feldspars, i-albite, i-muscovite ne-quartz.
Olunye uhlobo lwe-pegmatites oluphendula ku-morphology yabo yilolo oluthembele emazingeni okushisa nengcindezi akhiwe ngayo. Kulezi zigaba sithola ama-pegmatites wohlobo lwe-abyssal, amancane futhi anezinto ezingavamile. Ama-myorolytics afakiwe kulolu hlu zitholakala emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kwama-degree angama-400, kepha ngezilinganiso ezahlukahlukene zokucindezela.
Umsuka wama-pegmatites
Ama-pegmatites e-Myarolytic yiwo akhiwa nge-metamorphism yama-granite allochthonous. Yilezo eziqukethe izakhi zeqembu lama-lanthanides, i-sodium ne-thorium. I-peysmatal pegmatite yiyo eqhamuka lapho kwenzeka ukuhlangana okuyingxenye futhi kufaka phakathi umhlaba ovela kwimvelaphi ehlukile ezintweni zawo.. Izakhi ezengeziwe kanye nezinhlanganisela zomhlaba ezingavamile onazo, inani lezomnotho elengeziwe wengeza edwaleni.
Cishe wonke amadwala e-pegmatite akhiwa nge-magmatic fluid enenani elikhulu le-quartz ne-feldspar. Ukuze bakheke, badinga ezinye izinto ezinjengamanzi, i-fluorine, i-boron namanye amatshe angenalutho angenelela asebenza ukugcwalisa imifantu eshiywe yidwala.
Zonke lezi zingxenye yizo ezakha izintambo ezibavumelayo ukuthi zikhanye zibe ngamatshe anobukhulu obumangazayo. Kukhona futhi enye indlela yokuqhamuka futhi kungamadwala we-metamorphic avezwe kwingcindezi ephezulu. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ama-quartz nama-feldspars akhona edwaleni ayahlanganisa aze ahlangane. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, baphinde baqinise kabusha ukuze bakhiqize i-pegmatite.
Ukusetshenziswa okuvamile
Njengedwala eliluhlaza elinokuguqulwa okuncane, i-pegmatite kuyaqabukela isetshenziswe kakhulu. Imvamisa kuyathengiswa, okungenani, njengegranite ukugcwalisa ezinye izindawo. Iphinde isebenze njenge impahla eluhlaza yokukhiqizwa kwengilazi nobumba. Emkhakheni wezokwakha ingaba negumbi eliningi.
Ngenxa ye-pegmatite, i-mica esetshenziselwa okokusebenza okuhlukile kwe-elektroniki kanye nezihlungi ze-optical kungakhishwa. Kumatshe ayigugu ashiwo ngenhla, kungakhishwa nezinhlobo ze-zirconia, i-emerald, i-garnet, i-aquamarine ne-apatite, phakathi kwamanye amatshe ayigugu.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, i-pegmatite yidwala elithakazelisayo kakhulu okuthi, yize lingenakho ukusetshenziswa okuningi kwezebhizinisi, linganikeza amaminerali amaningi namatshe ayigugu ngentshisekelo enkulu yezomnotho. Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngale ndatshana ungafunda kabanzi ngaleli dwala.