Ku Isikhathi seCenozoic kwakukhona izinkathi eziningana. Yena Isikhathi seNeogene bekungokwesibili kwale nkathi futhi kwaqala cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-23 edlule futhi kwaphela cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezi-2.6 edlule. Ngalesi sikhathi sesikhathi, iplanethi yethu yathola uchungechunge lwezinguquko nokuguqulwa ezingeni le-geological kanye nasezingeni lezinto eziphilayo. I- Izilwane zeNeogene Kwakubonakala ngokuba nesinye sezenzakalo eziqakatheke kakhulu emlandweni womhlaba, njengokuvela kwama-hominid okuqala.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela zonke izici nokuvela kwezilwane zaseNeogene.
Isikhathi seNeogene
Lesi sikhathi seNeogene sithathe cishe iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-20 futhi saba nezinguquko ezinkulu ezingeni lokwakheka komhlaba nasezingeni lezinto eziphilayo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi yisikhathi lapho kuvela khona ama-hominid okuqala abizwa nge-Australopithecus. Lolu hlobo lwama-hominids bamele okhokho babantu abadala kunabo bonke.
Ngesikhathi seNeogene kube noshintsho olukhulu ezingeni lamaplanethi ngokuya ngomsebenzi womhlaba. Amazwekazi aqhubeka nokuhamba kwawo kancane kancane esuka kulezi zindawo esinazo namuhla. Lokhu kuhamba kwamazwekazi kudale ukuthi imisinga yasolwandle iguqulwe futhi kwavela izithiyo ezithile zomzimba, njengesiqinti sePanama. Lokhu kunyakaza kokuma komhlaba kwakuyizenzakalo ezibalulekile ezaba nomthelela ekwehleni kwamazinga okushisa e-Atlantic Ocean.
Zonke lezi zinguquko ezingeni lokwakheka komhlaba nezinga lokushisa zibe nomthelela ekuveleni nasekukhuleni kwezinhlobonhlobo ezithile zezinto eziphilayo. Sonke lesi sikhathi kwabonwa ukuhlukahluka kwezilwane. Amaqembu ezilwane enza ushintsho olukhulu kakhulu kwakuyizilwane ezincelisayo zasemhlabeni nezasolwandle, izinyoni nezilwane ezihuquzelayo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwempilo eNeogene
Sonke lesi sikhathi kwakukhona ukunwetshwa kwamafomu akhona okuphila. Ngenxa yesimo sezulu, amazinga okushisa omhlaba ayenakho ithonya elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni nasekwakheni okusha kwezinto eziphilayo. Zombili izitshalo nezilwane zibe nezinguquko ezahlukahlukene, nezilwane zibhekana nokwehluka okukhulu. Izimbali zihlala zimile ngokwengeziwe.
Izimbali zeNeogene zigqame ngokuba ziziningi ngenxa yesimo sezulu. Njengoba isimo sezulu ngalesi sikhathi sasibanda kancane, sanciphisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamahlathi namahlathi amakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kwehla kwamazinga okushisa nakho kudale ukunyamalala kwezindawo ezinkulu zazo. Ngenxa yalezi zimo zemvelo, ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo bekufanele zikhule ezingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nendawo ephansi yokushisa.
Izitshalo ezingachuma ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu yilezo zomndeni we-herbaceous. Abanye ochwepheshe babheka inkathi yeNeogene njengenkathi yamakhambi. Akukhona konke okwakungalungile ngezitshalo. Ezinye izinhlobo zama-angiosperms nawo asungulwa ngempumelelo futhi athuthukiswa.
Izilwane zeNeogene
Sizobona ukuthi isimo sezulu nentuthuko yezomhlaba izithinte kanjani izilwane zaseNeogene. Ngalesi sikhathi, amaqembu ezahlukahlukene ezilwane ahlukahlukene, phakathi kwawo esibona njengokuthuthuka okuningi njengezilwane ezincelisayo, ezihuquzelayo nezinyoni. Imvelo yasolwandle ibinentuthuko enkulu, ikakhulukazi iqembu lama-cetaceans.
Sizohlaziya ngamunye ngamunye amaqembu ezilwane athuthuke kakhulu ngesikhathi sezilwane zaseNeogene.
Aves
Ngaphakathi kweqembu lezinyoni ezazithuthuke kakhulu kwakukhona lezo babengabaseqenjini labantu abadlulayo. Ezinye zezinyoni zesikhathi seNeogene nazo zaziwa njengezinyoni zokwesaba. Leli qembu elikhulu lezilwane lahlala ezwenikazi laseMelika. Namuhla izinyoni zeqembu elidlulayo ziyiqembu elihluke kakhulu nelibanzi kakhulu. Igcinwe ngezinga eliphakeme lokusinda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Phakathi kwezici zabo eziyinhloko esinakho ukuthi yizilwane ezibonakala ngokuba nemilenze okuhlala kuyo egatsheni lesihlahla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inekhono lokucula. Lawa makghono akhonza ukusungula amasiko wokukhwelana anzima. Iqembu labantu abadlulayo libuye laziwe njengeqembu lezinyoni zezingoma. Ngesikhathi seNeogene iqembu lezinyoni laqala ukuthola amandla amaningi ngokwengeziwe futhi landa. Njengoba amazwekazi aqhubeka nokuya kulesi simo esikhona manje, lezi zilwane zehlukene.
Ngokuyinhloko eNingizimu Melika kulapho kutholakala khona inani elikhulu kakhulu lamarekhodi ezimbiwa phansi. Lawa marekhodi afakazela ubukhona bezinyoni ezinkulu. Eziningi zalezi zinyoni zazinkulu kodwa zingakwazi ukundiza. Kodwa-ke, baba izidlova ezinkulu zalesi sikhathi. Leli qembu lezinyoni lalaziwa nangamagama ezinyoni ezethusayo.
Izilwane zeNeogene: izilwane ezincelisayo
Izilwane ezincelisayo kwakuyiqembu lezilwane ezaba nezinguquko ezinkulu. Elinye lamaqembu aguquke kakhulu kwaba izilwane zomndeni wakwaBovidae noCervidae. Kula maqembu amabili ezilwane sithola izimbuzi, izimvu, izinyamazane, izinyamazane nezinyamazane. Zonke lezi zilwane zandisa indawo yazo yokusabalalisa ngokumangazayo.
Ngokunjalo, zikhona ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu ezifana nezindlovu, amabele kanye nobhejane abathola intuthuko enkulu. Ezinye zalezi zinhlobo, njengama-mammoths, azange zikwazi ukusinda kuze kube manje ngenxa yezinguquko ezithile ezafika kamuva.
Kufanele futhi kucatshangelwe ukuthi ezimfanelweni zeNeogene amanye ama-primates avelele, ikakhulukazi izinkawu. Iqembu ngalinye lezinkawu lalinendawo yokuhlala efanele futhi lenza ushintsho oluthile enqubweni yalo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Iningi lamaphuphu atholakala ezwenikazi i-Afrika kanye neMelika.
Ezilwaneni zeNeogene sithola nokuthuthuka kwezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ezinjenge-fining kanye nama-canine. Ezinye izinhlobo zamabhere nezimpisi nazo ziye zahlukahluka ngalesi sikhathi. Ngaphakathi kweqembu lezilwane ezincelisayo, esinye sezehlakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu senzeka enqubweni yokuziphendukela kwemvelo yomuntu. Futhi yilokho i-hominid yokuqala yavela futhi yathuthuka.
I-hominid yokuqala eyakhiwe yabhabhadiswa ngegama le-Australopithecus. Kwakubonakala ikakhulu ngokuba nosayizi omncane nokunyakaza kwe-bipedal.
Iziqubuzelayo
Ekugcineni, izilwane ezihuquzelayo nazo zavela ezilwaneni zeNeogene. Phakathi kwabo siyathola amaxoxo, amasele nezinyoka ezazikwazi ukwandisa ukubusa kwazo. Lokhu bekungenxa yenani elikhulu lokudla okutholakalayo. Ukudla kwabo ngokuyinhloko kusekelwe ezinambuzaneni, ezaziziningi kakhulu.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngezilwane zaseNeogene.