Kukhona impilo emafwiniNgaphandle kwezinhlayiya zamanzi, ama-aerosol, amakristalu e-ice, noma uthuli, iqembu lase-United States lithole ukuthi impilo ikhona emafwini. Yize bekusolwa kusukela kudala, manje sinobufakazi bangempela bokuthi kunjalo sibonga isivivinyo abasenzile.
Yebo, kungenzeka ukuthi kusukela manje uma siphakamisela amehlo ethu esibhakabhakeni futhi sibona amafu, akunakugwenywa ukucabanga ukuthi nakuwo kukhona izidalwa eziphilayo. Kepha kunjalo, futhi namhlanje sizochaza ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani lokhu. Ngoba lomhlaba uyaqhubeka nokuba nezimanga nezimanga lapho bekubonakala sengathi konke sekuvele kutholakele.
Ngubani futhi kanjani lesi silingo?
Ithimba laseCalifornia, eSan Diego, nase-US Scripps Oceanographic Institution, uthathe amathonsi emvula namanzi acwebezelisiwe (iqhwa) ngesikhathi endiza emafwini. Ekuhlaziyweni okwenziwe, bathola ukuthi ahlanganiswa ngaphezu kwezinhlayiya zothuli nezinye izinto eziphilayo, ngamagciwane, izinhlamvu zesikhunta nezinye izinsalela zezitshalo. Ukuhlaziywa empeleni bekuwumzamo wokuthola ukuthi bakuthonya kanjani ukwakheka kwamafu.
Indiza ka-C-130
Ukuhlaziywa kuthathwe ngendiza eyi-C-130 ngokusebenzisa amafu. Indiza yayine-spectrometer yesisindo esakhelwe ngaphakathi negumbi leqhwa. Izilinganiso zamasampuli zithathwe "in situ", ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukunquma ukuthi isilinganiso sikulungile ngaphandle kokuvumela ezinye izinto ukuthi zithonye.
Bavuke kanjani lapho?
Esinye seziphetho ososayensi abafinyelela kuzo yizo imisinga yomoya. Isibonelo, izivunguvungu zesihlabathi ezingabangelwa e-Asia, zisiza ukwakheka nokwakhiwa kwamaconsi amanzi emafini. Lezi lapho zivuka zithwala izinhlayiya zothuli, sichaze kanjani, futhi phakathi kwabo izinhlamvu zesikhunta, amabhaktheriya, njll. Ngakho-ke, kulandela ukuthi imvula ewela eMelika, ingahambisa amabhaktheriya avela e-Asia.
U-Anne-Marine Schmoltner we I-American National Science Foundation (I-NFS), okuyibo abaxhasa lo msebenzi, uthe: "manje sekutholakele ukuthi hhayi kuphela uthuli lwezinto ezingaphili, kepha nezinhlayiya zebhayoloji uqobo zidlala indima enkulu ekwakhekeni kwamafu."
Impela, kusukela manje kuqhubeke, lapho ubheka "phezulu lapho," uzobona okuthile okungaphezu komphunga wamanzi ojiyile.