Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesazi sezibalo nesazi sefilosofi esingumGreki ebingomunye wabesifazane bokuqala abaziwa emhlabeni. Ingabe mayelana I-Hypatia. Wayeyindodakazi yesazi sezibalo uProfesa waseMnyuziyamu wase-Alexandria owaziwa njengoTheon. Umnyuziyamu wase-Alexandria ungasungulwa nguPtolemy I, iNkosi yaseGibhithe. Ngalesi sikhathi, abantu abaningi babelangazelela ukufunda ngesayensi nefilosofi. Ngalesi sizathu, kwaqubuka umbutho wezinguquko ngalezi zindaba.
Kule ndatshana sizokhuluma nge-biography kaHypatia, omunye wabesifazane bokuqala bezibalo emhlabeni.
I-Hypatia biography
Lesi sazi sefilosofi nesazi sezibalo besihlala futhi sisebenza noyise ekulungiseleleni imibhalo eyahlukahlukene yabafundi. Wayenentshisekelo impela ezintweni ezazisetshenziswa ocwaningweni lwezinkanyezi. Akagcinanga nje ngokuba nentshisekelo yezibalo nefilosofi, kepha futhi wayenokuheha okuthile ekutadisheni ukunyakaza kwezindikimba zasezulwini. Le nzalo yayisezingeni lokuthi kudwebe amanye amatafula lapho kungachazwa khona konke ukunyakaza okwaziwayo kuze kube yimanje kwezindikimba zasezulwini.
Yize ayezithanda izinkanyezi, wayezinikela kakhulu ekufundiseni izibalo. Wayenabafundi abaningana futhi izimfundiso zakhe zazigqugquzela ukuqonda. Njengoba sazi, ukusetshenziswa kwengqondo kunokwehluka okubalulekile kwesayensi. Iqiniso lokuthi lona wesifazane wayenekhono elikhulu lokufundisa abafundi bakhe ngezibalo lidale umona nenzondo kuye.
Omunye wabadeleli abakhulu beHypatia kwakunguMbhishobhi oNgcwele uCyril wase-Alexandria. Akagcinanga nje ngokuba abe ngumphikisi wezenzo zikaHypatia, kepha futhi bonke abalandeli abangamaKristu. Wamangalelwa yilo Mbhishobhi ngethonya ayenalo engqondweni yombusi walelo dolobha. Ngokwalokho okubonwayo lo mbusi wayekhuthazekile ukuba ashushise amaKristu. UHypatia wase-Alexandria wabulawa esidlameni esidumile. Ngokusobala iqembu labasolwayo lahlasela ikalishi lapho ayehamba khona, lamhlukumeza futhi lamshisa.
Ngeshwa, yonke imisebenzi yakhe yashabalala kanye nawo wonke umtapo wezincwadi wase-Alexandria. Izifundo zakamuva zenziwe ezibeke ukungabaza ngezisusa zenkolo. Lokho wukuthi, lezi zifundo ziphikisana nokuthi iHypatia yayingaphikisani nobuKristu. Wayenabafundi engangifunda nabo kwi-mathematics futhi babengabazo zonke izinhlobo zezinkolo. Lokho lezi zifundo ezizama ukukukhombisa ukuthi ukufa kufihliwe ekuqongeleleni izingxabano zepolitiki ezazikhona e-Alexandria ngaleso sikhathi ngenxa yokwehla koMbuso WaseRoma.
Umndeni wakwaHypatia
UHypatia wazalelwa e-Alexandria, inhlokodolobha yesifunda saseRoma saseGibhithe. Imininingwane eminingi iyaziwa ngobaba kepha akukho lutho ngomama. Uyise wayeyisazi sefilosofi nesazi sezibalo futhi wafundisa emnyuziyamu wase-Alexandria. Bangaphezu kwekhulu othisha ababehlala lapho ababambe iqhaza kulo mnyuziyamu nabanye abaningi abeza njengezivakashi bezonikeza izinkulumo.
Njengoba kuqondwa ngezifundo namarekhodi enziwe ngalesi sikhathi, uTheon wayefuna ukuthi indodakazi yakhe ibe ngumuntu ophelele. Ngakho-ke, wenza konke okusemandleni ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indodakazi yakhe ithola imfundo ephelele yesayensi. UHypatia, empilweni yakhe yonke, waya e-Athene nase-Italy ukuyothola izifundo ezithile zefilosofi. Uhlale bonke ubuntwana bakhe ezungezwe indawo yokufunda neyamasiko. Ngaphezu kwezibalo nefilosofi, isayensi yezinkanyezi yabuye yahlwanyela uthando eHypatia. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi wayenentshisekelo yokufuna okungaziwa.
I-Hypatia Engokomzimba Wayenobuhle obukhulu futhi enakekela nomzimba wakhe. Akagcinanga nje ngokuchitha amahora namahora osuku efunda futhi efunda, kodwa futhi wagcina nenkambiso yansuku zonke yomzimba eyayimgcina imvumela futhi ukuba abe nomzimba ophilile nengqondo esebenzayo. Wayenezimfanelo zomzimba nezengqondo eziphawulekayo. Kodwa-ke, wenqaba ukushada ukuze azinikele ngokuphelele kwisayensi. Ukube ubeshadile, kungenzeka ukuthi akazange abe nakho konke ukuzinikela anakho kwisayensi.
Izipho
Sekuyiminyaka engama-20 ezinikele ekufundiseni lonke lolu lwazi eMnyuziyamu yase-Alexandria. Wayengowesifazane onesimilo esisodwa esizinikele emcabangweni nasekufundiseni. Ngenxa yakhe, bakwazi ukungena esikoleni esiphakeme sezicukuthwane ezaziphethe izikhundla eziphakeme. Wabhala izincwadi zesayensi yezinkanyezi, i-geometry, i-algebra, futhi wenza ngcono ukwakheka kwe- sibongile okudala.
Ngokunaka ilukuluku lakhe lesayensi yezinkanyezi, ukwazile ukwenza imephu ngezindikimba zasezulwini, eza ukuzokwakha iplanethi ephelele. Awukho umsebenzi kaHypatia ogciniwe, kodwa waziwa ngenxa yabafundi ababaluleke kakhulu ayenabo, abanjengoSinesio waseKhurene noHesychius wase-Alexandria. Ngesikhathi efundisa ifilosofi wagxila emisebenzini kaPlato no-Aristotle. Indlu kaHypatia kancane kancane yaba yindawo lapho abantu baqala khona ukufunda ngefilosofi.
Orestes bathole izeluleko ezahlukahlukene ezivela kuHypatia ngezombusazwe. Waba ngowesifazane odumile ngokuba ngumeluleki wezimantshi eziphakeme kakhulu e-Alexandria. Futhi kungenxa yokuthi izimantshi zafika zizobhunga ngamacala ezindaba zedolobha.
Ukwethembeka kwakhe ebuhedeni ngesikhathi lapho ubuKrestu bebudlondlobala kwaba ukuqala kwezizathu zokuthi kungani wafela ezandleni zamaKrestu aphakeme. Ukubulawa kwakhe kwenzeka ekuvukeleni kobuKristu ngobuqaba lapho eneminyaka engu-45 nje kuphela.. Ukushona kwakhe kudale isiyaluyalu esikhulu ngoba ukubulala owesifazane owayegqamile ngenxa yezenzo zakhe kwezesayensi nefilosofi kwakuyicala eliyihlazo kumaKristu.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, izinkolo zibangele ukufa kwabantu abaningi ezifundweni kuwo wonke umlando. Ngeshwa izenzo nezenzo zikaHypatia azizange zivikelwe. Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngomunye wabesifazane ababaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni wesayensi nezibalo.