Emhlabeni wethu sithola izinto ezisimangaza kancane. Enye yazo yi- Ulwandle iSargasso. Ulwandle olungagezi ogwini lanoma yiliphi izwe. Okungukuthi, sikhuluma ngolwandle olungenalo ugu. Ihlukile emhlabeni wonke futhi isendaweni ye-Atlantic Ocean. Igama lalo kungenxa yokuthi linenqwaba yolwelwe lohlobo lwe-Sargassum. Lezi zindawo zingabonakala ngemvamisa ehlobene entanta ebusweni bamanzi.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela zonke izici kanye nokufuna ukwazi uLwandle lwaseSargasso olunakho. Uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngalolu lwandle oluhlukile kolunye, lokhu okuthunyelwe kwakho.
Izici eziyinhloko
Lolu hlobo lolwandle lune-oval, elliptical shape. Itholakala endaweni eseNyakatho ye-Atlantic Ocean. Engxenyeni esentshonalanga kunalokho okubizwa ngokuthi iGulf Stream nasempumalanga yemisinga yeCanary Islands. Inobukhulu bamakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi eziyi-5.2, ingamakhilomitha ayi-1.107 ububanzi namakhilomitha angama-3.200 ubude. Okuwukuphela kwesiqephu somhlaba esikhona ngaphakathi kwalolu lwandle iziQhingi zeBermuda.
Kubonakala ngokuba ulwandle lapho kungekho khona imisinga yolwandle enolaka. Lokho wukuthi, kubhekwa njengolwandle olunokuthula. Izungezwe imisinga yolwandle egeleza isuke enyakatho iye eningizimu futhi isuke empumalanga iye entshonalanga. Ayinayo imvula eningi kakhulu futhi, ngakho-ke, inelinye lamazinga anosawoti aphakeme kunayo yonke i-Atlantic Ocean. Uma izimvula zingawavuseleli amanzi olwandle ngamanzi amasha, izinga likasawoti lizokhuphukela emazingeni oLwandle lwaseSargasso.
Imimoya emnene namanzi afudumele futhi acwebile ngokuqhubekayo ayaqoshwa. YiGulf Stream evimbela amanzi ashisayo ukuba angene oLwandle lweSargasso futhi amanzi abandayo agcwala ngaphandle kwemikhawulo yawo. Inokujula okuguqukayo lokho Isuka ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-1.500 ukujula ezindaweni eminyakeni edlule kanti kwezinye izindawo ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-7.000.
Lolu lwandle lwatholakala kude ngekhulu le-XNUMX. Ukuhlola okuhlukile kwamaPutukezi yikho okwembule yonke ingxenye yeNorth Atlantic kwatholakala iziqhingi zase-Azores. Owokuqala ukukhuluma ngale ndawo kwakunguChristopher Columbus. Wayiwela phakathi nohambo lwakhe olwamholela ekutheni athole izwekazi laseMelika.
Ukwakhiwa koLwandle iSargasso
Ngenxa yokuthi iyingxenye yoLwandle i-Atlantic, lolu lwandle luhambisana nokwakheka kwalo. Umsuka wayo uzovela ezinkambisweni ezahlukahlukene zokwakheka komhlaba ezenzekile koqweqwe lwasolwandle olungasekho iTethys. Lolu lwandle lwakhiwa ngokuqhekeka ezwenikazi elikhulu elibizwa ngePangea. Siyakhumbula ukuthi ngokusho ipuleti tectonics theory wonke amazwekazi akha umhlaba omkhulu obizwa ngePangea. Ukuqala ngo- imibukiso ye-convection amapuleti ama-tectonic angaqala ukusuka ezingubeni zasemhlabeni, akhiphe izilwandle nezilwandle ezahlukahlukene esizaziyo namuhla.
Lokhu kudla ePangea phakathi kwendawo manje eyaziwa njengeNyakatho Melika ne-Afrika yikho okwadala ukuthi kuvuleke isikhala esakhipha wonke amanzi aseTethys nokwakha ingxenye yonke esenyakatho ye-Atlantic Ocean. Imvelaphi yoLwandle iSargasso inendawo yayo eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-100 edlule.
Ukuqhekeka okwalandela kweGondwana phakathi ne-Cretaceous kwavula iSouth Atlantic futhi lonke ulwandle lwakhula ngesikhathi seminyaka I-Cenozoic. Ezansi kweziqhingi siyabona ukuthi kuyavela amanzi athintwe umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo wasolwandle.
Empeleni lolu lwandle lulungile i-anticyclonic gyre enyakatho-maphakathi ne-Atlantic Ocean ehamba ngendlela yewashi. Leli jika linomsuka walo njengomkhiqizo wayo yonke imisinga yolwandle ezungeze uLwandle iSargasso.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zoLwandle iSargasso
Njengoba inezici ezihlukile kakhulu maqondana nolwandle lonke, inezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezinelukuluku futhi ezihlukile. Lolu lwandle lunosawoti omningi futhi lunezinga eliphansi lezakhamzimba. Lezi zimo zemvelo zisho ukuthi iplankton ayikwazi ukukhula ngobuningi. Siyakhumbula ukuthi i-plankton iyingxenye ebalulekile empilweni yezidalwa eziphilayo kanye nohlu lokudla endaweni yasolwandle. Ngenxa yalomsoco izinhlobo eziningi zingasinda.
Iqiniso lokuthi i-plankton ayikho kusho ukuthi ayikho inhlobonhlobo enkulu yezinhlanzi zezinye izinhlobo zezilwane. Ngalesi sizathu, uLwandle lwaseSargasso lwaziwa ngokuthi ihlane lezinto zasolwandle. Okwanda kakhulu ngokweqile yi-sargassum, okuyilapho igama layo livela khona. Lezi yizibizo ezintantayo ezihlala unomphela ku-ecosystem, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni esenyakatho. Lawa ma-algae avusa isasasa elikhulu phakathi kososayensi bezinto eziphilayo.
ISargasso yakha amabala amakhulu lapho singathola khona ukuthi entanta phezulu futhi, ngenxa yomphumela wamaza aphendukela ohlangothini lwewashi, siyabona ukuthi okokusebenza kugxilwe enkabeni. Lokhu kungenxa yezinye zazo ezigcwaliswe ngegesi. Lezi zindawo lapho kugcinwa khona i-sargassum zakha izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingama-60 zezidalwa eziphilayo, Phakathi kwazo kukhona izinkalankala nezinhlanzi ezinjenge-bluefin tuna.
Ngenxa yezimo ezithile lolu lwandle olunazo maqondana nawo wonke amanye amanzi oLwandle i-Atlantic, izinhlobo eziyishumi ezikhulayo zendawo ziyakhula futhi zihlale phakathi kwamahlathi alwandle antantayo. Phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezivamile sinezinto ezilandelayo: inkalankala Izinhlelo zeMinutus, imfanzi Ama-Latreutes fucorum, inhlanzi I-Syngnathus pelagicus, i-anemone I-Anemonia sargassensis, imollusk I-Scyllaea pelagica, umnenke I-Melanostoma lithiopa, amphipods I-Sunampithoe pelagica y I-Biancolina brassicacephala y I-Hoploplana grubei, isibungu.
Ngaphandle kwalezi zinhlobo ezihlala khona singabona ezinye izinhlobo eziyi-145 zama-invertebrates ahlala ebudlelwaneni ne-sargasso.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngoLwandle lwaseSargasso kanye nezinto zalo ezibabazekayo.