Namuhla sizokhuluma ngomunye wamadoda anikele ngolwazi oluningi kusayensi. Ingabe mayelana UClaudius Ptolemy. Ungumuntu owayeyisazi sezinkanyezi esingumGreki, isazi sezibalo nesazi sokuma komhlaba futhi, yize kunolwazi oluncane kakhulu ngempilo yakhe, lo sosayensi usaphila kuze kube namuhla. Akwaziwa kahle ukuthi wazalelwa kuphi, noma ngaluphi usuku. Akwaziwa nokuthi washonaphi kodwa sazi iqhaza lakhe elikhulu.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela yonke i-biography nokuxhashazwa kukaClaudio Ptolemy.
Umlando kaClaudius Ptolemy
Yize kungaziwa kahle ukuthi uClaudius Ptolemy wazalelwa kuphi, kulinganiselwa ukuthi wawuseGibhithe. Yonke imisebenzi yayo yakhelwe phakathi izinsuku zokubona kwakho kokuqala okwenze ngo-AD 127 Lokhu kubhekwa kwenziwa ngonyaka weshumi nanye wokubusa kukaHadrian. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, okunye kokugcina kwakhe akubhale ngo-AD 141. Kuhlu lwezinkanyezi wamukela unyaka wokuqala wokubusa koMbusi u-Antoninus Pius njengosuku okusetshenzelwa kulo kuzo zonke izixhumanisi. Lo nyaka okubhekiselwa kuwo kwakungu-AD 138
UClaudius Ptolemy ugqame njengommeleli wokugcina omkhulu wazo zonke izinkanyezi zamaGreki. Futhi ukuthi umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko waklanywa engqapheli yethempeli likaSerapis eCanopus. Lesi sikhungo sendawo esiseduze ne-Alexandria. Umsebenzi omkhulu futhi odume kakhulu kaClaudius Ptolemy awaziwa kakhulu ngawo yi I-Syntax Yezibalo. Lo msebenzi uhlukaniswe ngamavolumu ayi-13 abekwe njengomsebenzi omkhulu futhi obanzi. Ngale ndlela, ingahlukaniswa kwamanye amaqoqo emibhalo yezinkanyezi ngabanye abalobi. Ukubaluleka umsebenzi wakhe okwakungaba nakho kufanelekile ekuthuthukiseni isayensi.
Ukuncoma okwakhuthaza wonke umsebenzi kaClaudius Ptolemy wethula isiko lokulibhekisa kulo kusetshenziswa igama lesiGreki elithi megisté. Leli gama lisho okukhulu futhi okuphezulu. Waba njalo umthelela womsebenzi uCaliph al-Mamun ayenawo ngesi-Arabhu esigcwele esihunyushwe ngo-827. Igama lika-al-Magisti njengokuhunyushwa okushiwo okuvela esihlokweni se-Almagest. Lesi sihloko samukelwa eNtshonalanga Ephakathi kusukela ekuhumusheni kokuqala kuya enguqulweni yesi-Arabhu. Le nguqulo yenziwa eToledo ngo-1175.
Izici zomsebenzi kaClaudius Ptolemy
Esebenzisa yonke imininingwane eqoqwe ababengaphambi kwakhe, uClaudius Ptolemy wakha uhlelo lomhlaba olwalumele ngezinga eliphakeme lokugunyazwa konke ukunyakaza okubonakalayo kwelanga, inyanga namaplanethi ama-5 ayaziwa ngaleso sikhathi. Usebenzise ikakhulukazi imininingwane eqoqwe nguHipparchus kwazise bagxile kulokhu. Wakwazi ukusungula lokhu kuhamba ngezinga elithile lokunemba ngenxa yemithombo yejometri kanye nezibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Isisekelo salolu lwazi sasisekelwe ohlelweni lwe-geocentric. Kulesi simiso kwakuyiPlanethi yoMhlaba enganyakazi enkabeni yendawo yonke. Ukusuka kulokhu, zonke izinto zezulu, kufaka phakathi ilanga, inyanga namanye amaplanethi, kuzungeza iplanethi yethu.
Amaplanethi ayaziwa ngaleso sikhathi kwakunguMercury, uVenus, uJupiter noSaturn. Kulesi simiso, uMhlaba ubuthathe isikhundla esimile kancane maqondana nendawo yazo zonke iziyingi lapho ezinye izidalwa zasezulwini zihambe khona. Le migqa yesikhundla yayaziwa njengemibuthano ehlukene. Umzimba okuyiwona wodwa osezulwini owawudabula isiyingi sawo esinomnyakazo ofanayo kwakuyilanga. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inyanga namanye amaplanethi zadlula komunye umbuthano. Lo mbuthano wawubizwa ngesithuthuthu. Isikhungo se-epicycle sijikeleza ngokuhlukile futhi imvumela ukuthi achazele uClaudius Ptolemy konke okungahambi kahle okwakungabonakala ekuhambeni kwezindikimba zasezulwini.
Uhlelo lukaClaudius Ptolemy
Lolu hlelo lwakwazi ukunikeza ukuhunyushwa kwayo yonke iminyakazo yeplanethi ehambelana kahle nemigomo ye-Aristotelian cosmology eyayikhona ngaleso sikhathi. Kubuye kwaba yimodeli eyodwa kuze kube yi-Renaissance. Ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kabusha, kube nokunemba okukhulu lapho kubhekwa izinto ezisemkhathini futhi kwaba nolwazi olwengeziwe ngenxa yokubhekwa okuningi kwezinkanyezi. Imininingwane eminingi ephathelene nezinkanyezi kule nkathi yenziwa ekupheleni kwenkathi yangenkathi ephakathi. Ngalolu lwazi, kwadingeka ukuthi kwethulwe inqwaba yama-epicycle amasha enza konke okuhlobene nesayensi yezinkanyezi kube nzima kakhulu ukuqondwa.
Eqinisweni, imodeli ye-heliocentric evezwe ngu Copernicus Kwakuwumsebenzi owaqala ukunyamalala kwayo yonke inkanyezi kaClaudius Ptolemy ngoba yayinokulula okulula okuthathwa njengenye yalawo mandla amakhulu.
Kepha khumbula ukuthi uClaudius Ptolemy Wayengeyena nje isazi sezinkanyezi kuphela kodwa futhi nesazi sokuma komhlaba. Ngokunikwa ulwazi lwejografi ukwazile ukuba nethonya elikhulu ngenxa yokutholakala okukhulu kwezindawo. Emsebenzini wakhe onemiqulu engu-8 obizwa ngokuthi Ukuma komhlaba Kwasungulwa amasu wezibalo wokudweba amamephu ahlukile kusetshenziswa amasistimu wokuqagela ahlukile. Iphinde iqoqe iqoqo elibanzi lokuxhumanisa kwendawo okudingekayo futhi okuhambisanayo nezindawo ezahlukahlukene emhlabeni ezazaziwa ngaleso sikhathi.
Ukucacisa lo msebenzi, uClaudius Ptolemy wamukela ukulinganisela okwenziwe nguPosidonius mayelana nobubanzi bomhlaba. Lesi silinganiso besiphansi kunenani langempela futhi sinehaba izinga lezwekazi lase-Eurasian ohlangothini olusempumalanga nentshonalanga. Lesi simo sixwayise uChristopher Columbus ukuthi athathe uhambo lwakhe, okuyilona oluzothola iMelika.
Eminye imisebenzi
Enye yemisebenzi kaClaudio Ptolemy Ihlukaniswe ngamavolumu ama-5 futhi yaziwa ngegama le- Izinketho. Kusho umsebenzi walowo emcabangweni wezibuko nasekuboniseni nasekuphindeni ukukhanya. Lezi zimo bezingokomzimba futhi nemiphumela ebikade inazo kuzona kubhekwe ukubonwa kwezinkanyezi. Ubizwa nangokuthi ungumbhali wencwadi yezinkanyezi ebizwa ngokuthi I-Tetrabiblos okwethula zonke izici neminye imibhalo nokuthi yayifanele indawo enkulu eyayinayo ngeNkathi Ephakathi.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge-biography kanye nokuxhashazwa kukaClaudio Ptolemy.