Siyazi ukuthi kunokwehluka izinhlobo zemithala ngokusho kwawo nokwakheka kwawo. Ukwakheka komthala ngamunye kwehlukile futhi lokhu kwenza kube nezici ezihlukile. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngakho Imithala engajwayelekile. Kuyinhlanganisela yezinkanyezi, amaplanethi, igesi, uthuli nezinto ezihlanganiswe ngamandla adonsela phansi kepha ngokubukeka zintula uhlobo lwenhlangano.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela zonke izici, ukwakheka nokuvela kwemithala engavamile.
Izici eziyinhloko
Imithala engajwayelekile yaziwa njengaleyo engenayo inhlangano ebonakalayo. LIzifundo zilinganisela ukuthi cishe i-15% yemithala ayijwayelekile. Ngokungafani nemithala efana neMilky Way ne-Andromeda ene-nucleus, idiski nezinye izingalo zokuvunguza ezichazwe kahle, kunemithala engenalo nhlobo uhlobo lokulinganisa noma isakhiwo. Abanye babo banemigoqo noma izingalo zokutholwa. Kepha akuyona i-morphology ecacile.
Ukuntuleka kwenhlangano ukuthi kukhona imithala engajwayelekile kubangelwa izimbangela eziningana. Okunye okuthinteke kakhulu ukuchaza ukwakheka kwalolu hlobo lwemithala ukuthi kube nokuqhuma okukhulu. Ukuqhuma okukhulu kwenzeke enkabeni yomthala futhi kwabangela ukuhlakazeka kokuhlukaniswa cishe konke okuqukethwe ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa konke ukuhlangana. Emithaleni engajwayelekile ungathola ukushiyeka ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi atholakala ngomunye umthala ongomakhelwane omkhulu.
Siyazi ukuthi umthala wethu, omile futhi ovulekile, uphazamise imithala emibili nama-nanites aziwa njengamafu eMagellanic. Kuphakanyisiwe ukuthi le mithala emincane emibili ihlangana neyethu. Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze kungenzeka ukuthi lonke lolu daba oluqukethe luzoba yingxenye yeMilky Way.
Kunenye futhi imithala engajwayelekile eyaziwa ngokugqama kakhulu. Imayelana nomthala weCigar. Luhlobo lomthala ocebile kakhulu ezintweni eziphakathi kwezinkanyezi nokuthi ngaphakathi kwezinkanyezi kwakha isilinganiso esisheshayo. Lapho zisencane, izinkanyezi ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi zikhanya kakhulu, okuchaza ukukhanya okungajwayelekile kwalomthala ongajwayelekile.
Izimo nokuchazwa kwemithala engajwayelekile
Esinye sezici ezahluke ngayo imithala engalingani kokunye ukukhanya kwazo. Futhi ukuthi lokhu kukhanya kuvela emandleni ngomzuzwana umthala uphuma kuzo zonke amaza futhi ulingana nenani lezinkanyezi elinazo. Imithala engajwayelekile imvamisa iba nenani elikhulu lezinkanyezi elizenza zikhanye kakhulu.
Umbala wemithala uhlobene nenani lezinkanyezi. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zabantu be-stellar. Izinkanyezi ezingabantu bezinkanyezi I yizo lezo zinto ezincane nezisindayo njenge-helium ezihamba phambili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwinani labantu II kukhona abanye izakhi zensimbi ephansi futhi zithathwa njengezinkanyezi ezindala.
Ngokulandelana okubomvu kwezinkanyezi sibona ukuthi kuvela imithala ene-stellar genesis encane noma engenayo nhlobo. Lolu hlobo lwesigaba semithala luhlanganisa cishe yonke imithala eyi-elliptical. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, endaweni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kukhona imithala enezinga eliphezulu lokwakheka kwezinkanyezi. Phakathi kwalezi zinkanyezi ezigcwele ukwakheka kwezinkanyezi ezintsha sithola umthala weCigar oshiwo ngenhla.
Indawo eluhlaza kunazo zonke iyisifunda soguquko lapho kutholakala khona imithala enezinkanyezi ezisencane nezindala. Singasho ukuthi iMilky Way neAndromeda yizibonelo ze le mithala equkethe inani lezinkanyezi ezimbili. Lezi zinhlobo zemithala engajwayelekile zithakazelisa kakhulu ukwazi ngoba ziwuhlaza kunabo bonke. Yize bengenawo umumo ophawulekayo, bangasho ukuthi banesikhungo. Futhi kungenxa yokuthi maphakathi nale mithala yizinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokuzalwa kwezinkanyezi. Into ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ukuthi imithala engavamile ibhekwa njengemncane kunabo bonke.
Izinhlobo zemithala engajwayelekile
U-Edwin Hubble wayengusonkanyezi owayephethe ukuhlukanisa imithala ehlukene ngokwendlela ebonakala ngayo. Ngemuva kokuhlaziya amapuleti amaningi anezithombe ngemithala, wakwazi ukuthola amaphethini ayisisekelo nezinhlobo ezahlukene zemithala. Sinemithala eyindilinga, eyindilinga, evinjelwe, evuthayo, neyingajwayelekile. Okungajwayelekile yilawo angenalo uhlobo oluthile lokuma okubonakalayo. Imithala eminingi ekhona endaweni yonke ingeyohlobo lwe-elliptical noma lwe-spiral.
Njengoba sifundile ngemithala, ukuhlukaniswa kukhulisiwe ukuze kukwazi ukuhlukanisa zonke lezi zigaba ezingahlangabezani nefomu elithile. Lapha sithola imithala engajwayelekile yohlobo I no-II. Yize kunemikhawulo ethile, uhlelo luka-Edwin Hubble lusiza kakhulu ekwakheni izici nezakhiwo zale mithala engajwayelekile. Sizochaza ukuthi yiziphi izici zohlobo ngalunye:
- Thayipha mina imithala engavamile: yilezo okuvela kuzo ukulandelana kokuqala kweHubble, njengemithala yohlobo lweMagellanic. Kungabhekwa ukuthi ziyingxube phakathi kwemithala evunguzayo engakakhi ngokuphelele isakhiwo noma enesakhiwo esidala.
- Thayipha imithala engalingani yohlobo II: yilezo ezakhiwa izinkanyezi ezindala kakhulu nezibomvu. Imvamisa, lezi zinkanyezi zivame ukuba nokukhanya okuncane futhi ziyimithala njengoba udaba seluvele lusakazeka futhi alunamumo.
Sibona isibonelo sefu leMagellanic. Yimithala emibili engajwayelekile. Ifu elikhulu leMagellanic likude ngeminyaka engu-180.000 yokukhanya, kanti elincane liqhele ngeminyaka engu-210.000 yokukhanya. Ungomunye wemithala embalwa, eseduze kwe-Andromeda, engabonakala ngaphandle kwesidingo seteleskopu noma ubuchwepheshe obuthuthuke kakhulu.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngemithala engajwayelekile kanye nezici zayo.