Elinye lamasebe enzululwazi egxile ekufundeni iinkqubo zomzimba, zamachiza kunye nezebhayoloji kwindawo yonke yasemanzini yelizwe yolwandle. Luhlobo lwesayensi eyahluka-hlukeneyo engafundi nje kuphela iilwandle kodwa kwanemilambo, ulwandle, amachibi kunye nayo nayiphi na indawo yasemanzini kwiplanethi yethu.
Kule nqaku siza kuchaza ukuba yeyiphi i-oceanography egxile kuyo kwaye kubaluleke kangakanani kwinkqubela phambili yesayensi.
Yintoni i-oceanography
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, yinzululwazi egxile ekucaciseni zonke iinkqubo zemichiza nezendalo ezenzeka kuzo zonke iindawo zomhlaba ngamanzi. Le nzululwazi kufuneka ibe yinkqubo eyahlukeneyo kuba kufuneka ibe neengcali kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo. Enye yezinto eziphambili ekufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo zizinto eziguqukayo kufundo lweenkqubo ezibonakalayo ezenzekayo.
Kwezi nkqubo zomzimba sibandakanya amaza, amaza olwandle, isenzo somoya, uxinzelelo, i-irradiance, njl. Zonke ezi zinto zixabisekileyo kwaye zizodwa ezizama ukucacisa ukusebenza kweelwandle, iilwandle, imilambo, amachibi, njl. Ke ngoko, njengoko kungeyiyo eyokwenyama kuphela kodwa neekhemikhali kunye neenkqubo zebhayoloji zibandakanyiwe, iingcali ezivela kumasebe amaninzi ziyafuneka.
Ukuze uyiqonde ngcono i-oceanography yahlulwe yaziindidi ezininzi. Kwelinye icala, sinayo ulwazelelelo lwasemzimbeni. Kwelinye icala, sinayo imichiza yolwandle kwaye ekugqibeleni ulwazi lwezinto eziphilayo zolwandle. Uhlobo lwesine longezwa kwezi zahlulo zithathu: iJografi yolwandle.
I-Physical oceanography yeyona nto inomdla kakhulu koomatiloshe, kuba apho kukhutshwa khona idatha eyimfuneko ukuze bakwazi ukuya kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ngoku siza kuhlalutya uhlobo ngalunye lwaselwandle kunye neempawu zalo.
Ulwandlekazi lwasemzimbeni
Inxalenye yale sayensi inoxanduva lokufunda iinkqubo zomzimba ezenzeka kwimeko yasemanzini. Ezi nkqubo zibandakanya ukuxubana kwemolekyuli kunye nokusasazeka, ulawulo lwamanzi kunye neepropathi, amaza olwandle, amaza kunye namaza. Ngaphakathi kolu luhlu lweelwandlekazi kukho iindidi ezithile:
- Inkcazo yolwandle: Imalunga nelo candelo lenzululwazi elichaza ukuhanjiswa kunye neempawu zamanzi olwandle. Kunokuthiwa ngumlingani we-hydrology yelizwekazi.
- Dynamicography yolwandle: yinxalenye efunda ukuhamba kwamanzi elwandle kunye nonobangela wale ntshukumo.
- Imozulu yezolwandle: Ufunda unxibelelwano phakathi komoya kunye nolwandle. Nguye ophetheyo ukunika inkcazo malunga nokuba kutheni ezi nkqubo zomzimba zenzeka ngokunxulumene nomoya ojikeleze umhlaba.
Biology yolwandle
Yinxalenye yale sayensi efunda izinto zaselwandle kunye nobudlelwane babo nendalo. Akufanele idideke kunye ne-biology yaselwandle. I-biology ye-Marine igxile ngokukodwa kuphononongo lwezilwanyana zaselwandle. Kule meko, ugxila ngakumbi kulwalamano analo nendalo engqongileyo kunye nendlela enefuthe ngayo kwisingqisho nakwimpilo yobomi.
Kuba ubomi elwandle butyebe kakhulu, eli sebe kufuneka lahlulwe libe ngamanye amancinci:
- Pelagic yolwazi: ujongene nokufunda iinkqubo zebhayoloji ezenzeka kwindawo yepelagic yolwandle. Ezi ndawo ngamanzi avulekileyo elwandle, kude nonxweme nangaphandle kwe Iqonga lelizwekazi.
- I-Neritic yolwazi: Yeyona ijolise ekufundeni iinkqubo zebhayiloji ezinazo elwandle ezikufutshane nonxweme kwaye zikwishelfu yelizwekazi.
- I-Benthic yolwazi: ijolise ekuchazeni iinkqubo zebhayiloji ezenzeka ngaphezulu kolwandle. Yonke le ndawo ibizwa ngokuba yindawo ye-benthic, yiyo loo nto igama layo.
- Idemography yelwandleUphando lweenkqubo zebhayoloji ezenzeka elwandle. Lo mntwana usetyenziswa ngakumbi kwaye uluncedo ngakumbi kwezokuloba.
IJografi yolwandle
Njengoko kulindelwe, kuyimfuneko ukwazi iinkqubo zejoloji ezenzeka kwezi ndawo zasemanzini. Eli candelo le-oceanography ligxile ekufundeni oku kulandelayo:
- Iinkqubo zonxweme: ziinkqubo ezijolise kwi-geomorphology kunye ne-dynamics yemibutho yonxweme enjenge-deltas, amachweba, iilwandle, amachweba kunye namachibi aselunxwemeni. Injongo yokufunda, kuchaphazela i-geomorphology yala mazwe kwimisebenzi yolwandle kunye neentlobo ezihlala kuyo.
- I-sedimentology yaselwandle: Kwimeko-bume yasemanzini kukwakho neenkqubo zothutho kunye nentlenga. Ezi ntlenga zihanjiswe kukhukuliseko lwaselwandle nazo ziyafundwa.
Imichiza yolwandle
Le yinxalenye enoxanduva lokufunda ukwenziwa kweekhemikhali zamanzi olwandle. Kuba abantu kunye nemisebenzi yabo ibangela utshintsho olwahlukileyo ekwakhiweni kwamanzi olwandle, kufuneka ukuba kufundwe ukuyihlalutya kunye nefuthe elinokubangela ukwahlukahlukana. Ininzi ifunda ngongcoliseko lolwandle. Oko kukuthi, lonke utshintsho olwenzekayo kwimichiza yamanzi eveliswa sisiphumo sokukhutshwa kwimisebenzi yabantu.
Inkqubo yolwandle-yolwandle kunye neatmosfera ingathi banokubizwa ngokuba ziincindi ezimbini ngenxa yokwandiswa kwe-geophysical. Ukuqonda lo mongo, iinkqubo zomzimba, zamachiza kunye nezebhayoloji kufuneka zifundwe kusetyenziswa indlela ye-geophysical fluid dynamics methodology. Ngamanye amagama, imisinga yolwandle, imisinga yaselunxwemeni, amaza omoya, izakhiwo zemozulu (zombini cyclonic kunye anticyclonic) kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo, iinkqubo ezincinci ezenzeka kwinqanaba elincinci, njl. Ukuze unike iziphumo ukulingana kwayo yonke imikhosi eyenziwayo elwandle.
Enkosi kuphuhliso lwetekhnoloji, kukho inkqubela phambili enkulu kwikhompyuter kwaye kwiikhompyuter ezinamandla kuye kwakho ukuphuhliswa kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokubonisa iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo kuqikelelo lweziganeko zolwandle zonke iintlobo. Ezi modeli zinceda ukuxhasa kunye nokwenza nzulu ukuguquguquka kolwelo. Le yindlela ulwazi ngakumbi nangakumbi olusebenzayo nolusebenzayo olunokufunyanwa kwabaqhubi beenqanawa.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nezifundo zolwandle.