Troposphere

Ngaphakathi Ubume beatmosfera Sinezona ziphantsi kulapho sihlala khona kwaye zaziwa ngegama lika troposphere. Zandiswa ukusuka kumphezulu womhlaba ukuya ekuqaleni kwesiqwenga somhlaba, esi sisangqa apho kufumaneka khona umaleko weozone. I-troposphere ibandakanya umoya esiwuphefumlayo kunye nazo zonke iinkqubo zemozulu nezemozulu emhlabeni. Ngesi sizathu, ibe yenye yezona ndawo zibaluleke kakhulu kubume bomhlaba.

Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela ngazo zonke iimpawu kunye nokubaluleka kwetroposphere.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Xa sihla ngesitrato kwaye siva umoya ebusweni okanye sijonga amafu esibhakabhakeni, iintaka ziyahamba, zonke ezi zinto zezetroposphere. Kubonakala ikakhulu ngokuhla kweqondo lobushushu njengoko ukuphakama kunyuka. Ngalo lonke ixesha sikhuphuka ukuphakama sinciphisa iqondo lobushushu kuba imitha yelanga ewela emhlabeni ayisasebenzi njengomlawuli wobushushu. Ngawo onke amawaka eenyawo zobushushu buhamba buye kwi-6.5 degrees.

Umoya kwi-troposphere uya uncipha njengoko ukuphakama kukwanda. Yiyo loo nto abakhweli beentaba bahlala besebenzisa ioksijini esebhotileni ukubanceda baphefumle. Lo maleko umalunga neekhilomitha ezili-8 ukuya kwezi-14 ubukhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo esikuyo. Ubhityile kwimimandla yepali yasemantla kunye nepali esemazantsi kwaye indawo ebanzi kakhulu inokufumaneka kwinxalenye ye-Ikweyitha.

Umaleko kwangoko ngaphezulu kwetroposphere yindawo ye stratosphere. Umda phakathi kwala macwecwe mabini waziwa ngegama le- ukuyeka. Kwi stratosphere ngumaleko we-ozone osikhusela kwimitha yelanga eyingozi kunye nokukhusela ulusu lwethu. Umoya uxinene kunye ne-troposphere kunalo naluphi na olunye uluhlu lomoya. Ngapha koko, iyaziwa loo nto i-troposphere imele i-80% yobunzima bomoya wonke. Xa umphezulu welifu ngexesha lesiphango ugudla ubume be-anvil, kuhlala kungenxa yokuba uhlaziyo kwisaqhwithi sele lufikile kwi-tropopause. Kwi tropopause, umoya ojikelezayo ushushu kunesaqhwithi kwaye ngenxa yoko uyeke ukunyuka.

Ukwakhiwa komoya kolu luhlu Iqulethwe yi-78% ye-nitrogen kunye ne-21% yeoksijini. I-1% eseleyo yenziwe ngeargon, umphunga wamanzi, kunye nekhabhon diokside. Ikharbhon diokside iyaziwa ukuba inyukile ngokokuhamba kweminyaka ngenxa yokukhutshwa kwabantu. Inxalenye esezantsi yetroposphere, le yeyona ndawo ikufutshane nomphezulu womhlaba, ibizwa ngokuba ngumda womda.

Umahluko phakathi kwe-stratosphere kunye netroposphere

Okokuqala, kukubonisa ukuba iatmosfera inamacandelo ahlukeneyo. Eyona ndawo iphantsi yi-troposphere kwaye ngaphezulu kwayo yi-stratosphere. Ngenxa yezinto ezahlukeneyo, kufuneka zihlelwe njengamaleko ahlukeneyo. Kwaye kukuba nganye ineempawu ezahlukeneyo kunye neenguqu zemozulu. Inkqubo ye- Uxinzelelo lomoya, iqondo lobushushu, ithambeka lobushushu, isantya somoya, kunye nendlela oya kuyo zahlukile kuzo zombini iikhamera.

Umda weentengiselwano uya kuba kwaye i-troposphere ibizwa ngokuba yi-tropopause kwaye ayisiyo ndawo ehlala ihleli. Ihlala ifumaneka kumgama we-8-14 yeekhilomitha ukusuka kwinqanaba lolwandle kwaye yi-isotherm. Oku kuthetha ukuba yindawo apho iqondo lobushushu lizinzile. Iipateni zemozulu njengoko sisazi ukuba ilanga livela kwi-troposphere njengoko umoya okufuphi nomhlaba ushushu kunomoya kwindawo eziphakamileyo. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba umhlaba ubufunqula ubushushu belanga busuke kwimitha. Ngeli gridient lobushushu libi ngokubhekisele kubude, umoya oshushu uyakwazi ukunyuka kwaye wenze i-convection yangoku. Le mibhobho yokuhanjiswa kwezinto ivelisa umoya kunye nolawulo lwamafu.

Ngokuchasene noko, kwi-stratosphere umaleko we-ozone ujongene nokufunxa ilanga lobomi bosuku kubushushu obuphantsi. Apha amaqondo obushushu anyuka ngokunyuka. I-stratosphere imalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-50 ukuphakama. Ukuthathela ingqalelo ukuba ukufuma kobushushu bomoya obufudumeleyo kuthanda ukunyuka kwaye umoya obandayo wehla, umoya, amafu emvula enza kwi-troposphere hayi kwi-stratosphere. Kolu luhlu, iimeko zizinzile ngakumbi kuba uxinzelelo lomoya lusezantsi kakhulu kwaye umoya ofudumeleyo uthintela ukuyilwa kwemisinga ye-convection. Akukho siphithiphithi kwaye imimoya izinzile. Ibetha ngendlela ezinzileyo nethe tyaba, kwaye ke ngenxa yoko iinqwelomoya zibhabha kwi-stratosphere esezantsi ukunqanda oku kuphazamiseka.

I-troposphere iqulethe ukujikeleza Iipesenti ezingama-75 zegesi emoyeni, ngelixa i-stratosphere ine-19% kuphela.

Ukubaluleka kwetroposphere

Olu luhlu lube lolona lubalulekileyo kwiplanethi iphela njengoko lubuthathaka kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezenzeka kweli nqanaba. Amandla olwandle kunye nomjikelo wamanzi, ifotosinthesisi yezityalo, ukuphefumla kwezilwanyana kunye nemisebenzi yabantu zenzeka kwi-troposphere. Ukongeza, Ubume bomoya apho imeko yezulu yenzeka khona.

Uxinzelelo lweatmosfera kwicandelo elingaphezulu phantse lube sisihlanu kuloo ndawo isezantsi. Oko kukuthi, ukuba i-troposphere sonke singafa kukugula okuphezulu ngeentsuku nje ezimbalwa. Uninzi lwempembelelo yegreenhouse lubangelwa ngumphunga wamanzi oqokelela kwisiqingatha esisezantsi somoya. Ngaphandle kolu luhlu, umphumo wegreenhouse ungaphantsi kakhulu kwaye iilwandle ekugqibeleni ziya kuba ngumkhenkce. Nangona mva nje kukho intetho eninzi malunga nefuthe lokushisa komhlaba njengento engekho mthethweni, yinkqubo ekufuneka iplanethi yomhlaba ivumele ubomi njengoko sibazi.

Enye yeengxaki ezinkulu esinazo namhlanje ezivela kwimisebenzi yabantu kukudyobheka kwetroposphere. Umsi owenzeka ngexesha lomsebenzi wemihla ngemihla kunye nakwiidolophu lolona hlobo lubonakalayo longcoliseko lomoyakwaye. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zongcoliseko nokuba ziyabonakala okanye azibonakali. Nangona kunjalo, zonke iintlobo zongcoliseko lomoya zinegalelo ekwandiseni isiphumo sokushisa kwendlu kunye nobushushu behlabathi. Nantoni na elahlwa ngabantu emoyeni kwaye eneziphumo ezinobungozi kwinto ephilayo ithathwa njengongcolileyo.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi nge-troposphere kunye neempawu zayo eziphambili.