Kwindalo iphela izinto “ziyafa” ngandlel’ ithile, azikho ngonaphakade. Iinkwenkwezi esizibona esibhakabhakeni nazo zinenjongo. Indlela abafa ngayo ibangela a supernova. Namhlanje siza kugxila kwinto yokuba yintoni i-supernova, indlela eyakhiwe ngayo kwaye yeyiphi imiphumo yokuba nomntu onayo kwindalo yonke.
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga ne-supernova, le yiposti yakho.
Yintoni i-supernova
Konke oku malunga ne-supernovae kunemvelaphi yayo ngo-1604, kunye nesazi seenkwenkwezi UJohannes kepler. Le nzululwazi yafumanisa inkangeleko yenkwenkwezi entsha esibhakabhakeni. Eli likroza leOfiuchus. Wayelibona eli kroza kangangeenyanga ezili-18 kuphela. Into engazange iqondwe ngelo xesha kukuba Eyona nto uKepler wayeyibona esibhakabhakeni yayingeyonto ingaphaya kwe-supernova. Namhlanje sele sisazi ukuba yintoni i-supernovae kunye nendlela esiyibona ngayo esibhakabhakeni. Umzekelo, ICassiopeia Yi supernova.
Kwaye i-supernova ayikho enye into ngaphandle kokuqhuma kwenkwenkwezi okwenzeka njengesiphelo senqanaba lobomi beenkwenkwezi. Ngamazwe amancinci aqalisa macala onke yonke into equlethwe kwenkwenkwezi. Izazinzulu bezisoloko zizibuza ukuba kutheni iinkwenkwezi zidubula ngolu hlobo xa sele zisifa. Kuyaziwa ukuba inkwenkwezi iyaqhuma xa isibaso esivelisa amandla kumbindi wenkwenkwezi siphela. Oku kubangela uxinzelelo lwemitha eqhubekayo ethintela inkwenkwezi ekudilikeni kwaye inkwenkwezi inikezela kumxhuzulane.
Xa oku kusenzeka, kuvelisa inkunkuma yeenkwenkwezi engazinzanga ebusweni bomxhuzulane ongayekiyo nangaliphi na ixesha. Ngapha koko, njengezinto ezininzi esinazo apha eMhlabeni ezixhomekeke kwipetroli, kwenzeka into efanayo ezinkwenkwezini. Ngaphandle kwaloo mafutha ondla inkwenkwezi, Ayinakuqhubeka ikhanya esibhakabhakeni.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ze-supernovae. Ezo zenziwe ngobunzima obuphindwe ka-10 beLanga kunye nezo zincinci kakhulu. Iinkwenkwezi ezili-10 ubukhulu beLanga zibizwa ngokuba ziinkwenkwezi ezinkulu. Ezi nkwenkwezi zivelisa i-supernova enkulu kakhulu xa zifika esiphelweni. Bayakwazi ukuvelisa intsalela yeenkwenkwezi emva kogqabhuko-dubulo olunokuba yinkwenkwezi ye-neutron okanye Umngxunya omnyama.
star mechanism
Kukho enye inkqubo ebangela ukuba i-supernova ibonakale kwaye ayikho ngenxa yokuqhuma kwenkwenkwezi. Yaziwa ngokuba yi "cannibal" mechanism. kwaye kuphumela ekubonakaleni kwe supernova apho intshontsho elimhlophe litya iqabane layo, ngokungathi kunjalo. Ukuze oku kwenzeke, kufuneka inkqubo yokubini. Yaye ingqawa emhlophe ayinakudubula, kodwa iphola ngokuthe ngcembe njengoko iphelelwa yipetroli. Iipores ngokuthe ngcembe ziba ncinci kwaye zikhanyise kancinci.
Ke ngoko, le ndlela yokudala ye-supernova ifuna inkqubo yokubini apho kudityaniswa kwe-dwarf emhlophe kunye nomnye kunokwenzeka. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuba undoqo wenkwenkwezi esele ikwinqanaba lokugqibela lokuzivelela idla iqabane layo. Kwimeko yezi nkqubo zokubini, i-white dwarf esele iza kufa kufuneka ifumane into eyifunayo kwiqabane layo de yenze ubunzima obuthile. Ngokuqhelekileyo, obu bunzima bunomlinganiselo wesayizi odla ngokuphindwe ka-1,4 ubukhulu beLanga.. Emva kokuba sifikelele kulo mda, obizwa ngokuba ngumda we-Chandrasekhar, ukunyanzeliswa okukhawulezayo okwenzeka ngaphakathi kutshisa kwakhona i-fuel thermonuclear eyenza i-supernova. Le mafutha e-thermonuclear ayiyonto ngaphandle komxube wekhabhoni kunye neoksijini ekuxineni okuphezulu.
Indlela yodwa yokwenza oku kukuba enye inkwenkwezi idlulisele ubunzima kuyo kwaye into enjalo inokwenzeka kuphela kwindlela yokubini. Xa oku kusenzeka, inkwenkwezi efayo igqabhuka ize ithabathe udade wayo, ingashiyi namnye usindileyo. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1604 kunye neenkwenkwezi zikaKepler.
Emva kokuqhuma kwezi nkqubo zokubini, kusele kuphela amafu othuli kunye negesi. Kwezinye iimeko, kunokwenzeka ukuba iqabane lenkwenkwezi ihlala ikwazi ukuhamba ukusuka kwindawo yayo yokuqala, ngenxa yomothuko omkhulu owenziwe lugqabhuko-dubulo.
I-supernova ebonwa eMhlabeni
Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe izihlandlo ezininzi kweli nqaku, uKepler wakwazi ukubona i-supernova esibhakabhakeni ngonyaka ka-1604. Kakade ke, ngelo xesha wayengazi ncam into awayeyibona. Enkosi kubuchwephesha obuphuhliswayo namhlanje, sinesixhobo sokulinganisa esiphucukileyo nesisebenzayo kunye nezixhobo zoqwalaselo. abo kuthi banokubona ukudubula kweenkwenkwezi nangaphandle kweMilky Way.
Baye bahlala kugqabhuko-dubulo lweenkwenkwezi olwenze imbali kwaye luye lwabonwa kwisijikelezi-langa sethu. Ezi supernova zibonakala ngathi zizinto ezintsha ezibonakala ngathi ziinkwenkwezi kwaye zandisa kakhulu ukuqaqamba kwazo. Oku kwaqhubeka, kwada kwafikelela kwinqanaba lokuba ibe yeyona nto iqaqambileyo esibhakabhakeni. Khawube nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wakho usuku nosuku uqwalasela indalo iphela yaye, ngequbuliso, ngenye imini ubona into eqaqambileyo esibhakabhakeni. Mhlawumbi yi-supernova.
Kuyaziwa ukuba i-supernova eyabonwa nguKepler Kwakhanya ngakumbi kuneeplanethi ze ISistema Solar njengeJupiter kunye neMars, nangona ingaphantsi kweVenus. Kufuneka kwakhona kuthiwe ukukhanya okuveliswa yi-supernova kuncinci kunoko kuveliswa yiLanga neNyanga. Kufuneka kwakhona sithathele ingqalelo isantya esithathayo ukuze ukukhanya kufike eMhlabeni kwaye sazi umgama apho i-supernova ivela khona. Ukuba olu dubulo lwenzeka ngaphandle kweMilky Way, mhlawumbi sibona ugqabhuko-dubulo osele lwenzekile, kodwa umfanekiso uthatha ixesha elide ukufikelela kuthi ngenxa yomgama esikuwo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-supernova.