Phakathi kweentlobo zamahlathi sifumana Ihlathi lomthi, Equkethe imithi ehlala iluhlaza kunye ihlathi elinqabileyo, zenziwe yimithi enqabileyo. Yindlela yokwenza izityalo ezinemithi ephulukana namagqabi ngonyaka ngonyaka ngokuxhomekeke kubushushu kunye nemozulu. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamahlathi axhomekeke kububanzi apho sikhoyo.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ngazo zonke iimpawu, iintlobo kunye neendidi zehlathi eliqaqambileyo.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukileyo zamahlathi axhomekeke kububanzi nakwimozulu ekhethiweyo. Kukho amahlathi apholileyo nalawo akweleenjiko. Iitropiki zihlala zibizwa amahlathi agqumayo okanye amahlathi agqumayo. Zombini ezinqabileyo kunye nezinqumlayo zinokuthathwa njengezinto ezifanayo. Omabini la magama abhekisa ekuweni kwamagqabi ngonyaka.
Olona phawu luphambili lwehlathi eliqaqambileyo ukulahleka kwamagqabi kwelona xesha lonyaka lisikelwe umda. Kwiindidi ezinobushushu, eyona nciphiso ithi amagqabi aphulukane nayo kukulingana kwamandla. Oku okanye kwenzeka kwisithuba esiqala ekwindla kuye ebusika. Kwelinye icala, iintlobo zehlathi elishinyeneyo elinomda kwaye ngumlinganiso wamanzi. Kulapho imvula ithintela ukukhula kwamagqabi ngenxa yexesha elomileyo.
Imihlaba yehlathi eliqaqambileyo Zihlala zinzulu kwaye zichuma kakhulu ngenxa yegalelo elenziwa ngamaxesha athile yinkunkuma. Inkunkuma yenziwe ngawo onke loo manani amagqabi awela emthini kwaye abola abe yinto echumileyo. Le nkunkuma inceda ukugcina ukufuma okufanelekileyo kunye nenqanaba lezondlo emhlabeni.
Ihlathi elipholileyo elinamahlathi athambileyo ahamba emantla eMelika kunye naseArgentina, eChile, eYurophu, eAsia nakwimpuma yeOstreliya. Kwelinye icala, amahlathi ane asidi anezo zisasazwa kwi-tropical America, e-Afrika nase-Indomalasia. Ubume bezityalo zamahlathi ane asidi zineentlobo ezahlukeneyo zoncedo apho sizifumana sisuka emathafeni siye ezintlanjeni nasezintabeni.
Kumahlathi ashushu aqaqambileyo emantla, iintlobo ezinje nge UQuercus, Fagus, Betula, Castanea kunye noCarpinus. Ukuba siya kwiitropiki, iintlobo zeQuercus kunye neNothofagus zininzi, kunye nembotyi, ibignoniaceae kunye ne-malvaceae. Izilwanyana ezibonakalisa ihlathi elinamahlathi apholileyo liquka ingcuka, ixhama, ixhama, ibhere kunye nenyathi yaseYurophu. Ngelixa i-tropical kukho iintlobo ze-feline, iinkawu kunye neenyoka.
Okokugqibela, kufuneka kuthiwe amahlathi apholileyo aneendawo ezinesimo sezulu kwilizwekazi kunye naselwandle kunye namaxesha amane abalulekileyo. Kwiindawo ezinqabileyo ezinqabileyo imozulu ibanda kwilizwekazi. Kwelinye icala, ihlathi elineasidi linemozulu eshushu efudumeleyo enezihlandlo ezibini eziphawuliweyo, ixesha elomileyo nexesha lemvula.
Izinto zehlathi ezinqabileyo
Ukuphelelwa liqabunga
Siza kuhlalutya ukuba zeziphi izinto ezenza ihlathi elinqabileyo. Into yokuqala kukuphela kwamagqabi. Akukho sityalo siphela sinomjikelo wobomi weminyaka eliqela esinegqabi elihlala ixesha elide. Amagqabi kwaye ahlala ehlaziya nangona kwezinye iintlobo zonke amagqabi elahlekile ngexesha elinye. Ezisoloko zihlala ziluhlaza ziyaphulukana nazo ngokuthe ngcembe njengoko zihlaziywa.
Inkqubo yokuwa kwamagqabi inqunyelwe kwimida ethile yokusingqongileyo enje ngokusilela kwamanzi okanye ibhalansi yamandla asezantsi. Ezi meko zemo yendalo esingqongileyo zinokunyanzela umthi ukuba unciphise imetabolism yawo ukuya kumanqanaba asezantsi. Elinye lamaqhinga asetyenziswa ngempumelelo ukusinda kunye nesetabolism esezantsi kukususa amagqabi ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye.
Kufuneka kuthiwe amagqabi ngamaziko okuchaneka kwesityalo apho ifotosinthesisi, ukubila kunye nokuphefumla kwesityalo. Enkosi kwi-stomata, amanzi agqithisileyo anokukhutshwa ngohlobo lomphunga wamanzi. Enye yeengxaki ezinkulu zezityalo ehlotyeni yile Umbilo ogqithisileyo ngenxa yokulahleka kwamanzi kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Amanzi ayavuza nge-stomata ngexesha lenkqubo yefotosinthesisi.
Ke ngoko, ngokulahla phantse uninzi lwamagqabi, imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yemetabolism iyarhoxiswa kwaye ukusinda kwabo kuncitshisiwe kwaba kubuncinci. Ukuphulukana namagqabi kwenzeka ngexesha lokuwa kwehlathi elinamagqabi kunye nexesha lama-mushroom kwihlathi elishinyeneyo.
Amakhonkco okukhula
Amakhonkco okukhula zezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo. Ngexesha apho kukho ukusikelwa umda kwindalo esingqongileyo kukho ukwakheka kwezicubu ezintsha eziyeka ngokupheleleyo ukunciphisa umetabolism. Umzekelo, ukuyilwa kwezicubu zokuhambisa ezinje I-xylem kunye ne-phloem esiqwini sezityalo kwimimandla eshushu ebusika. Kulapha apho sinokubona ukuba entwasahlobo imisebenzi yezicubu iqala kwakhona kwaye yenza iiseli ezintsha zokuqhuba. Lo msebenzi uvelisa amakhonkco okukhula anokubonwa xa kusenziwa icandelo lomnqamlezo esiqwini.
Njengoko oku kusenzeka rhoqo kwiindawo ezinobushushu, iringi nganye yokukhula ihambelana nexesha lokuhamba kunye nokusebenza konyaka. Ngale ndlela, ubudala bomthi kwindawo epholileyo bunokumiselwa ngokubala amakhonkco okukhula. Kwelinye icala, kwihlathi elishinyeneyo elinamanzi ungazibona ezi zangqa zokukhula kodwa azihambelani notshintsho lonyaka. Olu tshintsho alukho lula kangako ukuqikelela kuba luxhomekeke kwixesha elomileyo okanye kwimvula eninzi.
Umgangatho
Ekugqibeleni, imihlaba yehlathi elipholileyo elinamagqabi atyebileyo kwaye icolile. Oku kungenxa yonikezelo lwenkunkuma lwamaxesha ngamaxesha oluye lubole luze lwenze izinto eziphilayo ezichumileyo. Le mihlaba ikulungele ukuvuselelwa ngokutsha kunye nokudalwa komhlaba omtsha.
Imihlaba ye-deciduous coniferous forestines predominate iintlobo zepodzol. Le mihlaba ihlwempuzekile kwizakhamzimba ezenziwa ngumhlaba onomkhenkce kwiindawo ezithile ezingenamanzi. Ngokwesiqhelo le mihlaba yenziwa ngenxa yamaqondo obushushu asezantsi akhoyo unyaka wonke kunye nokufuma okufumanekayo okuncinci.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nehlathi eliqaqambileyo.