Xa sasisebancinci sasifundiswa esikolweni ukuba zimbini iindidi eziphambili zemithi. Kwelinye icala, sinayo loo mithi igcina amagqabi ayo kwangexesha lasebusika, kwelinye icala, eminye imithi ilahlekile. Ezangaphambili zibizwa ngokuba luhlaza kwaye ezokugqibela ziyimithi enqabileyo. Imithi egcina uhlaza lwamagqabi ayo nokuba atshintshe njani amaxesha okuphumla kwaye enze ubunzima obukhulu yaziwa njenge ihlathi elihlala liluhlaza. I-evergreen ithetha igqabi elomeleleyo okanye elihlala liluhlaza okanye umthi. Olunye uguquko lweli gama luhlala luhlaza okanye lusisigxina.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ngazo zonke iimpawu, indalo kunye nendalo yehlathi elihlala liluhlaza.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Kukho imimandla enengqele ebandayo eyenza ukuba imithi ilahle amagqabi. Nangona kunjalo, zihlala ziluhlaza aziwagqabi amagqabi azo okanye zichaphazeleka kukwahluka kwemozulu. Le mithi ichitha iqhekeza elincinci lamagqabi ukuze ihlaziye ngokuthe ngcembe. Bayayenza rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini okanye unyaka, kodwa phantse yonke into bayigcina iglasi igutyungelwe kwaye ibonisa ngamagqabi. Amagqabi agcina umbala wawo oluhlaza ojikelezayo kumjikelo wonke.
Ihlathi elibanzi elihlala liluhlaza ludidi olubandakanya bonke abo ihlala iluhlaza imithi enamagqabi abanzi. Zifumaneka ngokufuthi kwimimandla yeikhweyitha nakwimimandla yetropiki ezo uphawu lwazo luqhele ukuba yimvula rhoqo. Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho iisampulu ezinje ngemagnolia okanye ificus enokufumaneka kwiindawo ezinendawo eshushu. Ubungakanani obukhulu bamagqabi banegalelo kukwahluka kweendawo eziphakamileyo zeentyatyambo.
Le mithi inezithsaba ezibanzi ezikwaziyo ukufunxa imitha yelanga, ethintela ukuba zingafikeleli kwizityalo ezisezantsi. Ngamanye amagama, utyani olungaphantsi komhlaba luyachaphazeleka ngakumbi kukuxinana kwamagqabi ale mithi. Oku kuthetha ukuba amatyholo akwazi ukuphila phantsi komthunzi aveliswa yile mithi anqabile. Kwaye, ukuba abafumani kukhanya kwelanga, abanako ukwenza ifotosinthesize ngokufanelekileyo.
Kukho iintlobo ezinje ngeeepiphyte ezixhonywe kwiilogo okanye kumasebe nakwimidiliya exhaphake kakhulu kwimithi ehlala iluhlaza. Ezi ntlobo zibekwe ngendlela yokuba zikwazi ukufumana imitha yelanga. Kwihlathi elibanzi elihlala liluhlaza kunqabile ukubona eminye imithi kwimozulu epholileyo kodwa kukho izinto ezithile ezifana ne-orenji, umngcunube, i-laurel, i-carob, i-olive kunye ne-eucalyptus.
Apho kukho ubukhulu bamaqondo obushushu aphantsi imithi ye-birch ilawula. Ezi birches zezokulandelelana kweeFagales kwaye zenziwe neminye imithi enje nge-oki, i-beech kunye ne-alder.
Ihlathi elihlala liluhlaza elinesikali neenaliti
Kukho olunye uhlobo lwehlathi elihlala liluhlaza elinemithi apho amagqabi ebalasele ngesimo esinye esilinganisa izikali okanye iinaliti. La maphepha anobunzima obunzima ekuchukumiseni kwaye agutyungelwe kwi-resin. Ezona ntlobo ziphambili zala mahlathi yicypress, ipayini, umsedare, yew kunye ne-sequoia. Le mithi ikuluhlu lweeconifers eziyimithi ekhula ngokubonakala okufana nophondo.
Kukho iintlobo ezithile ezifana nepine okanye i-larch ezigcweleyo kwimimandla ebandakanya iSiberia, iAlaska neScandinavia. Ezi ntlobo ziyakwazi ukwenza iindawo ezinkulu ezinemithi ezingamawaka kunye namawaka eehektare. La magqabi akhona kuzo zonke iincopho kunye neendawo eziphakamileyo zamazwekazi afana neAsia, iMelika kunye neYurophu.
Izazinzulu ziye zafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba ihlathi elihlala liluhlaza luhlobo lokuziqhelanisa neemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo. Kwaye ngesiqhelo iintyatyambo zizama ukulingana kuloo ndawo kufuneka zikhule kuyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho ezinye iisampulu ezinamagqabi aqinisekileyo kunye namanye amagqabi ahlala eluhlaza. Ubomi obuluncedo begqabi ngalinye buya kuxhomekeka kubume bemozulu kunye nomhlaba apho umthi ukhona. Uhlobo ngalunye lomthi luneemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokuziqhelanisa.
Olunye uphawu lweempawu olungenamiqathango kulungelelwaniso lweentlobo ezinobungakanani, ukwakheka kunye nokumila. Ezi mpawu zithetha ukuba iintlobo ezithile ezifana neholm oki zinokuthintela ukomisa emzimbeni ehlotyeni xa imvula iphantsi kwaye amaqondo obushushu ephezulu. Ukongeza, ezi mpawu zibanceda ukuba bakwazi ukugcina amagqabi, amaqondo obushushu ayehla ngenxa yokufika kobusika.
Ihlathi elihlala liluhlaza kunye nokulungiswa
Uninzi lwamahlathi ahlala eluhlaza esiwafumanayo akwiindawo ezinomswakama kunye neentyatyambo zemimandla yeMeditera. Gcina ukhumbula ukuba izityalo zineenkqubo zokuziqhelanisa ukuze zikwazi ukusinda kukungabikho kwemvula rhoqo. Kwihlathi elihlala liluhlaza sifumana izityalo ezineengcambu ezinzulu kunye nolwandiso olukhulu oluvumela ukufumana ubutyebi bamanzi ngendlela eyandisiweyo. Ukongeza, amagqabi anokumelana okuqinileyo kunye nokuqina kwimeko ezahlukeneyo ezimbi kunye nokungabikho kwemvula.
Iimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu kwihlathi elihlala liluhlaza zii-oki ze-cork kunye ne-holm oki. Le mithi iphakame ngokuphakathi kodwa ineziqu ezigobileyo, ezingqindilili nezirhabaxa. Iincopho zale mithi zingqukuva kwaye zinceda ukubonelela ngendawo yokuhlala elangeni.
Umthi we-oki unombala oluhlaza onzulu kwaye ezinye ii-acorn ziyahluma kuwo ezingatyiwa. Amagqabi ayo aphakathi kwe-4 kunye ne-7 cm kwaye angaphila ixesha eliphakathi kweminyaka eli-150 ukuya kuma-250. Kwelinye icala, i-okm oki ine-trunk engaguquguqukiyo enokumelana okuhle. Inempawu ezahlukeneyo ezenza ukuba kube lula ukwenza ifanitshala. Iinkuni zayo zifunwa kakhulu.
Olunye uhlobo lomthi oluhlala luhlaza ngumthi wepayini. Kucatshangelwa njengenye yeentlobo eziphilayo. Inesakhono esikhulu sokwenza umhlaba otyebileyo kuba unezinga eliphezulu lokuwa kwamagqabi. Ukukwazi kwayo ukumelana neemeko zokufuma, imbalela, ukubanda kunye nobushushu kwenza ukuba ibe yeyona nto uyithandayo ekuhombiseni iipaki kunye neendawo ezivulekileyo. Kukwalungele ukuphinda kutyalwe kwakhona njengoko kuvelisa isixa esikhulu somhlaba ochumileyo.
Okokugqibela, i-mimosa acacia ikwavela phakathi kweqela elihlala liluhlaza. Iyakwazi ukufikelela kwiimitha ezili-10 ukuphakama kwaye amandla okusinda ayoqiniswa ukuba kuthenwa ngokwaneleyo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nehlathi elihlala liluhlaza.