Yintoni umoya ojikeleze umhlaba kwaye kutheni ubalulekile?

Kwiplanethi yethu singasinda enkosi kumaleko weegesi ezahlukeneyo ezingqonge uMhlaba uphela. Olu luhlu luhlala luhleli emhlabeni ngenxa yomxhuzulane. Imalunga nomoya ojikeleze umhlaba kwaye kunzima ukufumanisa ubukhulu bayo ngokuchanekileyo, kuba iigesi eziyibumbayo ziye zaya zisiba mbalwa ngokuphakama, de zanyamalala malunga neekhilomitha ezilikhulu ukusuka phezulu.

Umoya uzalisekisa imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yobomi kwiplanethi kwaye ukuba bekungekho ngenxa yayo ngekhe sikwazi ukuba nobomi njengoko sibazi. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi yonke into malunga nomoya ojikeleze umhlaba?

Ubume bomoya

Iatmosfera yenziwa ngumxube weegesi, uninzi lwazo lujolise kwindawo ekuthiwa yi-homosphere, eyanda ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80-100 yeekhilomitha ukuphakama. Ngapha koko olu luhlu luqulathe i-99,9% yobunzima obupheleleyo bomoya.

Phakathi kweegesi ezenza umoya, I-Nitrogen (N2), i-Oxygen (O2), iArgon (Ar), iCarbon Dioxide (CO2) kunye nomphunga wamanzi kufuneka ubonakalisiwe. Kubalulekile ukuba wazi ukuba uxinzelelo lwezi gesi luyehluka ngobude, umahluko kumophu wamanzi ubhengezwe ngokukodwa, ojolise ikakhulu kumaleko akufutshane nomphezulu womhlaba.

Ubukho beegesi ezenza umoya zibalulekile kuphuhliso lobomi eMhlabeni. Kwelinye icala, i-O2 kunye ne-CO2 zivumela ukwenziwa kwemisebenzi ebalulekileyo yezilwanyana kunye nezityalo, kwaye kwelinye icala, ubukho bomphunga wamanzi kunye ne-CO2, vumela amaqondo obushushu eMhlabeni ukuba anele kubukho be ubomi bonke. Umphunga wamanzi kunye ne-CO2, kunye nezinye iigesi ezincinci njengemethane okanye i-ozone, zibizwa ngokuba zii-greenhouse gases. Imitha yelanga inokudlula kwezi gesi ngaphandle kobunzima, kodwa imitha ekhutshwa nguMhlaba (emva kokufudunyezwa ngamandla elanga) ngokuyinxenye ifunxwe yiyo, ngaphandle kokubalekela emajukujukwini ngokupheleleyo. Ngombulelo kubukho besi siphumo sokugcina, singaphila ngobushushu obuzinzileyo. Ukuba akunjalo ngobukho bezi gesi ezigcina ubushushu kwaye zivelise oku, Amaqondo obushushu aphakathi komhlaba aya kuba ngaphantsi kwe -15 degrees. Khawufane ucinge kula maqondo obushushu phantse unyaka wonke, ubomi eMhlabeni njengoko sisazi ukuba ngekhe kwenzeke.

Emoyeni, ukuxinana, ukwakhiwa, kunye nobushushu bomoya kuyahluka ngobude.

Umaleko womoya

Iatmosferi yahlulwe yangamacandelo aliqela ngokokwakheka kwayo, ingxinano kunye nobushushu. Nalu ushwankathelo olufutshane lwe- Ubume beatmosfera.

Troposphere: Ngowona maleko usezantsi, apho kukhula khona ubomi kunye neziganeko ezininzi zemozulu. Inabela kubude obumalunga neekhilomitha ezili-10 kwiipali nakwiikhilomitha ezili-18 kwiikhweyitha. Kwi-troposphere amaqondo obushushu ayancipha ngokuthe ngcembe ngobude ade afike -70º C. Umda wawo ongaphezulu kukuyeka.

Ubume bendawo: Kolu luhlu, amaqondo obushushu ayenyuka ade afike malunga ne -10ºC malunga ne-50 km yokuphakama. Kukule nwebu apho ubuninzi be-ozone bukhona, "i-ozone layer", irhasi ethi ngokufunxa inxenye yelanga yelanga kunye ne-infrared radiation evela eLangeni ivumela ubukho beemeko ezifanelekileyo zobomi kumphezulu woMhlaba. Umphezulu woluhlu lubizwa ngokuba yi-stratopause.

Umyalezo: Kuyo, iqondo lobushushu liyancipha kwakhona ngobude ukuya -140 ºC. Ifikelela kubude obuyi-80 km, ekupheleni kwayo kukuyeka.

Ithermosphere: Ngumaleko wokugqibela, ofikelela kwiikhilomitha ezilikhulu ukuphakama, ebonisa ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1000 ºC. Apha iigesi zinobuninzi obuphantsi kakhulu kwaye zine-ionized.

Kutheni kubalulekile nje?

Umoya wethu ubalulekile kwizinto ezininzi. Ngaphezu kokubalulekileyo, Sifanele ukuba siyimfuneko. Ngombulelo kumoya ojikeleze umhlaba, ubomi bunokuphuhla kwiplanethi yethu, kuba ithatha indawo enkulu kwimitha yelanga ebekwe kwilanga le-ozone. Kwimeko apho imeteor ingena kumjikelezo woMhlaba kwaye izakusibetha, iatmosfera linoxanduva lokuluhlula lube ngumgubo ngenxa yokuxubana kwabo xa benxibelelana nomoya. Ukungabikho komoya ojikelezayo, isantya sokungqubana kwezi zinto inokuba sisixa sendawo yabo isantya se-inertial (esilinganiswe kwiplanethi yethu) kunye nokukhawulezisa okubangelwe ngumxhuzulane woMhlaba, ke ngoko kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ubenako.

Ukukhankanywa kufuneka kwenziwe kwinto yokuba umoya ojikeleze umhlaba ayisoloko inezinto ezifanayo. Kwizigidi zeminyaka, ukwenziwa komoya bekutshintsha kwaye kuvelisa ezinye iintlobo zobomi. Umzekelo, xa iatmosfera yayingenayo kwaphela ioksijini, yayi irhasi yemethane elawula imozulu kwaye ubomi obabugqithileyo bobabo beemethanogens. Emva kokuvela kwe-cyanobacteria, inani leoksijini e-atmosferi lonyukile kwaye lenza ukuba kubekho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zobomi ezinje ngezityalo, izilwanyana nabantu.

Omnye umsebenzi obalulekileyo wemozulu yimagnetosphere. Lo ngummandla womoya ofumaneka kummandla ongaphandle woMhlaba iyasikhusela ngokuchasana nemimoya yelanga ethwele imitha ye-electromagnetic radiation. Ngombulelo kumhlaba womazibuthe woMhlaba esingagqitywanga sisaqhwithi selanga.

Umoya uhambelana kakhulu uphuhliso lwemijikelezo ye-biogeochemical. Ukubunjwa okwangoku kwe-atmosfere kubangelwa yi-photosynthesis eyenziwa yizityalo. Ikwayile nto ilawula imozulu kunye nendawo ahlala kuyo abantu (kwi-troposphere), evelisa iimeko zemozulu ezinje ngemvula (apho sifumana khona amanzi) kunye nokuxinana okuyimfuneko kwenitrogen, ikharbhon kunye neoksijini.

Isenzo somntu emoyeni

Ngelishwa, umntu ubangela ukuguqulwa kubume bomoya. Ngenxa yemisebenzi yeefektri, ukukhutshwa kwee-greenhouse gases ezifana ne-carbon dioxide kunye ne-methane kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-nitrogen oxides ezibangela imvula ene-asidi kuyanda.

Ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwezi gesi zegreenhouse kubangela ubushushu bukazwe lonke. Amaqondo obushushu aphakathi kwazo zonke iindawo emhlabeni ayanda kwaye ngawo, iibhalansi zazo zonke izinto eziphilayo zinokungazinzi. Oku kubangela utshintsho lwemozulu olubangelwa kukuguqulwa kweepateni zemozulu. Umzekelo, utshintsho lwemozulu lwonyusa ukuphindaphindeka kunye nokuqina kweziganeko zemozulu ezibi ezifana neenkanyamba, iinkanyamba, izikhukula, imbalela, njl. Imijikelezo yeziganeko ezinje nge-El Niño neLa Niña nazo ziyatshintshwa, iintlobo ezininzi ziyahamba okanye ziyafa ngenxa yotshintsho kwindawo ezihlala kuyo, umkhenkce wee-polar caps uyanyibilika ngenxa yokunyuka kolwandle njl.

Njengokuba ubona, Umoya ojikeleze umhlaba udlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi beplanethi yethuKungenxa yoko le nto kufuneka silwe notshintsho lwemozulu kwaye siqinisekise ukuba i-greenhouse concentrations izinzile njengangaphambili, phambi kohlaziyo lwemizi-mveliso.