Ungcoliseko kwiRhine
UMgaqo-sikhokelo waManzi ucele amazwe angamalungu e European Union Injongo yokuphucula umgangatho wamanzi acocekileyo ngowama-2015. Uphando lwakutsha nje olwenziwe liziko laseLandau lezeNzululwazi ngezeNdalo, iZiko laseHelmholtz loPhando lwezeNdalo (UFZ) kunye nezinye izazinzulu zaseFrance (iYunivesithi yaseLorraine kunye I-EDF) kunye neSuizos (iZiko laseSwitzerland leSayensi yaManzi kunye neThekhinoloji yaseSwitzerland- i-EAWAG), ibonisa ukuba le njongo isekude ukuba iphunyezwe, kuba Amanqanaba ayityhefu kwimizimba ene-aqueous ahlala ephezulu kakhulu.
Uphononongo lubonisa, okwesihlandlo sokuqala kwinqanaba le-pan-European, ukuba umngcipheko wendalo onxulunyaniswe neekhemikhali eziyityhefu uphezulu kakhulu kunokuba bekulindelwe. Esinye sezizathu eziphambili kukuba kumanyathelo akhoyo ngoku ukuphucula umgangatho wamanzi iimpembelelo zezinto ezithile azithathelwa ngqalelo.
Imilambo efana neDanube okanye iRhine yindawo enomdla ebonelela ngeenkonzo ezinje ngokuzonwabisa, ukuloba kunye nokusela amanzi kwizigidi zabantu. Ngelishwa ezi ecosystem zibonakaliswa kukungena kweekhemikhali ezivela kwiindawo ezikufutshane ezidolophini, ukusuka zolimo kunye nomzi mveliso. Le cocktail yemichiza ichaphazela kakubi i-algae kunye nezilwanyana zamanzi amdaka kwaye umngcipheko onokubakho ebantwini.
Ngokuchasene noko bekucingelwa kude kube namhlanje (uthando olunetyhefu yeekhemikhali lwalusendaweni kwaye lodwa), isifundo esibhekisa kuso sibonisa ukuba kuthathelwa ingqalelo idatha enkulu, umngcipheko wendalo ovela kwimichiza enetyhefu uchaphazela amawaka eenkqubo zamanzi zaseYurophu. Ityhefu yemichiza imele isoyikiso sendalo kwindalo ubuncinci kwisiqingatha samanzi eYurophu, kwaye malunga neepesenti ezili-15 zamatyala i-biota kwiinkqubo zamanzi amatsha inokuvezwa kukufa okuphezulu.
Iqela labaphandi lijolise ekufundeni ukugqitha kwemida yomngcipheko kwizitya zamachweba iRhine neDanube, ukuwalinganisa ngokwamaqela amathathu aqhelekileyo ezinto eziphila kula manzi, iintlanzi, izilwanyana ezingenamqolo kunye ne-algae. Idatha, efunyenwe ekubekweni esweni ngokusesikweni kule minyaka idlulileyo, ibonisa ukuba ubungakanani beesampulu bohluke kakhulu ngokubhekisele kumhlaba kunye nokugubungela okwethutyana, okwenza ukuthelekisa ngokuthe ngqo phakathi kwamazwe ahlukeneyo kube nzima kakhulu.
Umzekelo, kubonisiwe ukuba umgangatho wamanzi mibi eFrance, phantse ngokuqinisekileyo ngenxa yokuba abasemagunyeni kweli lizwe benothungelwano olubanzi lokulawula kwaye bahlalutya inani elikhulu lezinto, kubandakanya izinto ezinobuchwephesha kwezendalo. , kwiisampulu zamanzi ezahlukeneyo. Kwamanye amazwe, uninzi lwala mngcipheko unokungaqatshelwa ngenxa yemvakalelo ephantsi yovavanyo okanye kuba uluhlu lwezinto ezilawulwayo aluphelelanga. Oku, ngokubanzi, kwenza ukuba ubungozi obuvela kuhlalutyo bube nokujongelwa phantsi kunokuba kubekiwe.
Ezona zinto zingcolisayo kwindalo yasemanzini zivela kwimisebenzi yezolimo, kwimimandla yasezidolophini nakwindawo yokucoca ilindle kamasipala. Amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi zezona zinto zidla ngokungcoliswa ziinkqubo zamanzi acocekileyo, nangona ii-organo-tin compounds, ii-organo-brominated compounds, kunye nezo zithathwa kukutsha kwehydrocarbons, nazo zibonakala kumanqanaba oxinzelelo. Ukongeza, inani elikhulu leekhemikhali ezisetyenzisiweyo namhlanje azithathelwa ngqalelo xa kuhlolisiswa umgangatho wamanzi kunye nezinto ezithile, amanqanaba oxinzelelo olusebenzayo anokuba phezulu kakhulu.
Oososayensi abathathe inxaxheba kolu phononongo babonisa ukuba ekuphela kwesisombululo esinokubakho kwezoqoqosho esikwaziyo ukugubungela isibalo esipheleleyo sezinto ezichaphazela imeko yendalo iya kuba kukungeniswa kweendlela zendalo kunye nokudityaniswa kwazo okrelekrele kunye neendlela ezisekwe kuhluzi lweekhemikhali. Ngale ndlela izinto ezinobungozi zinokufunyanwa nangaphambi kokuba zibandakanywe kuluhlu olunetyhefu. Olunye uphononongo kukuba inyathelo elingxamisekileyo liyafuneka kuwo onke amanqanaba ukuba kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukukhuselwa okuzinzileyo kwendalo yasemanzini.
Onke amalungu eqela lophando ayavuma ukuba akukho lutshintsho olukhulu kwindlela yangoku yokuqhubekeka, ukufikelela kumanqanaba acetywayo nguMyalelo weSakhelo saManzi akunakwenzeka. Amanyathelo ekufuneka elandelwe ukuba ufuna ngokwenene ukunciphisa igalelo kunye nokususa izinto eziyityhefu kwiinkqubo ezinamanzi ziya kuba, ukunciphisa ukubandakanyeka kwekhemistri kwezolimo kunye nokuphucula itekhnoloji yamanzi amdaka kunye nonyango. Ukuba amanyathelo awenziwanga, ekuhambeni kwexesha, angabeka umngcipheko ngqo kuhlobo lomntu, ichaphazele indawo yokuhlala kunye nokwenza buthathaka amandla okuzihlambulula e-aquifers.
Más información: IYurophu ukubhengeza izindululo zokuthintela utshintsho lwemozulu, Amandla ombane. Izindlu zokugcina izityalo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo kwezolimo
Imithombo: Iziko le-Helmholtz loPhando lwezeNdalo (UFZ), PNAS