Isityalo se-geothermal
Amandla e-geothermal ke amandla afunyanwa ngokuthatha ithuba lobushushu bangaphakathi boMhlaba. Olu bushushu lubangelwa zizinto ezininzi, ubushushu balo obushiyekileyo, i-gradient ye-geothermal (ukunyuka kweqondo lobushushu ngobunzulu) kunye nobushushu be-radiogenic (ukubola kwe-isotopes ye-radiogenic), phakathi kwabanye.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla obushushu bomhlaba kuxhaphakile kwamanye amazwe afana Islandia ebala phantse iipesenti ezingama-70 zamandla asetyenzisiweyo ngenxa yendawo ekuyo. Kwezinye iindawo ezinamathuba afanayo, njengeAzores, ayixhaphakanga. Kwamanye amazwe bathanda Holland Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuthintelwe ukufudumeza kwaye eMadrid umzekelo isetyenziswa kwinkqubo yomoya yangaphakathi yendlela. Isicelo kwezolimo, nangona singasasazekanga kakhulu, sinokuvumela ukuba kubekho izindlu zokugcina izityalo ezigcina amandla.
Amandla e-geothermal ngamandla awona asebenzayo ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nolondolozo lwezoqoqosho. Umele a ukonga umbane kunye noqoqosho phakathi kwama-60 nama-80% xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo zokuthambisa umoya ezifana negesi okanye i-oyile yedizili. Ikwasebenza ngokukuko kunamanye amandla ahlaziyekayo, afana ne-biomass okanye i-solar, xa kuthelekiswa nalapho ibonisa ukonga ngaphezulu kwama-50%.
Zokugcina zokugcina
Ifunwa ngokusetyenziswa kwamandla obushushu, hayi kuphela ukubonelela ngezityalo ngeyona meko ilungileyo yokusingqongileyo kunye nophuhliso kuwo onke amanqanaba okuzivelela, kodwa nokunciphisa iindleko zamandla ukuya kuthi ga ngoku kwaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ukunciphisa iindleko zamandla kangangoko. ungcoliseko lomoya.
Izindlu zokugcina izinto zokusetyenziselwa ezolimo zineemfuno zamandla ezinokuthi zidinge malunga neetoni ezingama-400 zepetroli ngokomyinge ngehektare kwiinyanga ezishushu kancinci. Ezi mfuno zefossil ziyakuncitshiswa ziye ku-0 kusetyenziswa ubushushu bangaphakathi kunye negesi yendalo eveliswa kubunzulu obuthile.
Ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokungenisa umoya, ubushushu obufanelekileyo bunokubonelelwa unyaka wonke ngokunyusa ubushushu ebusika kunye nokunciphisa iqondo lobushushu langaphakathi njengoko kufanelekile ehlotyeni. Ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi be-geothermal kwi-cascade kuxhaphake kakhulu, kuba ayizizo zonke izityalo ezifuna ukutya okufanayo kwekhalori. Kwiimodyuli zokuqala zendlu eluhlaza, xa unxibelelana namanzi ashushu, izityalo ezineyona mfuno iphezulu ziya kufunyanwa. Ukusetyenziswa kwecascade kusindisa iindleko kunye namandla.
Olu hlobo lwamandla lunezinto ezininzi eziluncedo: ukuxhomekeka kwamandla ngaphandle bekuya kuthintelwa, inkunkuma iya kuncitshiswa ibe yincinci kwaye ingabangela impembelelo engaphantsi kwendalo kunezo zenziwe ngamandla omlilo. Ukongeza, le nkqubo yolondolozo olukhulu, zombini ezoqoqosho kunye namandla, kwaye icinga ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo kwengxolo yangaphandle. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe kwakhona ukuba amandla ahlaziyekayo kwaye angaphantsi kwexabiso lentengiso. Ubungakanani obufunekayo kwisityalo bincinci kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa namanye amandla kwaye ukubonwa kwaso kusezantsi kakhulu kuba ayifuni ukwakhiwa kwamadama, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, okanye ukwakhiwa kweetanki zokugcina amafutha.
Nangona ikwanazo neengxaki ezithile: kwezinye iimeko ukukhutshwa kwehydrogen sulfide ekuthi ngobuninzi bayo kungabonwa kwaye kuyabulala, ungcoliseko lwamanzi akufutshane nezinto ezinjenge-arsenic, i-ammonia, ungcoliseko lobushushu, ukonakala komhlaba kwaye akunakubakho uthutho (njengamandla aphambili) kunye nokusetyenziswa kwalo kulinganiselwe kwiindawo ezithile.
Más información:Utshintsho lwemozulu: ngaba iplanethi igwetyelwe intlekele?, EMantla Yurophu ngesilumkiso sesaqhwithi esinamandla, Eyona mifanekiso mihle yokuqhushumba kwentaba-mlilo yaseGrímsvötn,