Ixesha le Ipleistocene yayilicandelo lokuqala lejoloji le Ixesha koqeqesho. Kwakubonakaliswa ikakhulu ngamaqondo obushushu asezantsi agubungela phantse umhlaba wonke ngomkhenkce. Inkqubo ye- Izilwanyana zePleistocene ibonakaliswe ikakhulu kukuvela kwezidalwa ezincancisayo ezifana nezilwanyana ezincancisayo. Sikwabona kweli xesha lexesha ukuvela kwezinto eziphilayo zabantu. Kungelo xesha kanye apho kwavela izinyanya zomntu wale mihla.
Kule nqaku siza kuhlalutya zonke iimpawu kunye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwizilwanyana zasePleistocene.
Umxholo ngokubanzi wezilwanyana zasePleistocene
Ukuqonda ukukhula kwezilwanyana zasePleistocene, kufuneka siqonde imeko ngokubanzi, zombini imozulu kunye nokwakheka komhlaba, njl. Lixesha lelona lelona lifundwe kakhulu kwaye lineerekhodi zeefosili. Ngesi sizathu, iye yaba lelinye lamaxesha apho kukho ulwazi olubanzi ngakumbi noluthembekileyo. Eli xesha lexesha laqala 2.6 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo kwaye yaphela emva kwexesha lokugqibela lomkhenkce, malunga ne-10.000 BC
Ngalo lonke eli xesha, izilwanyana ezinkulu zazinobukhazikhazi bazo obukhulu, malunga nophuhliso kunye nokwahluka. Phakathi kwazo kukho i-mammoth, i-megatherium kunye nee-mastonons ezilawula phantse yonke iplanethi. Uphawu olwenza ukuba zahluke kwezinye izilwanyana zazinobukhulu bazo obukhulu. Kuyimfuneko ukuba kuphawulwe ngophuhliso lwezinyanya zomntu ezinje nge IHomo erectus, iHomo habilis, kunye neHomo neanderthalensis.
Ngokumalunga nokwakheka komhlaba, safumanisa ukuba kuncinci ukufuduka kwamazwekazi. Kule meko, i-Continental drift yayisezantsi kakhulu kwaye ihleli injalo ukusukela ngoko. Sele ngeli xesha amazwekazi enezikhundla ezifanayo namhlanje. Ukuhlalutya imozulu siyabona ukuba bekukho ubushushu obuphambili. Kwaye kukuba ngeli xesha imijikelezo emininzi yomkhenkce yenzekile. Yahlala inje ngalo lonke ixesha kude kube sekupheleni kwexesha lokugqibela lomkhenkce. Uninzi lweplanethi lwalugqunywe ngumkhenkce. Iingcali zirekhode ukuba malunga ne-30% yomhlaba wonke wawukhenkcekile. Ipali esemazantsi eAntarctica yayigqunywe ngumkhenkce njenganamhlanje. Onke amazwe eArctic Circle nawo ayekhona.
Nje ukuba sihlalutye imeko yeli xesha, siqala ukuhlalutya izilwanyana zasePleistocene.
Izilwanyana zePleistocene
Ngeli xesha yayizizilwanyana ezanyisayo ezaba liqela eliphambili. Gcina ngokubanzi yonke ihegemony eyaqala kumaxesha angaphambili. Kwizilwanyana zePleistocene, ukuvela kwezinto ekuthiwa yi-megafauna kubonakala ngokucacileyo. Le megafauna ibhekisa kuyo izilwanyana ezinkulu ezazikwazi ukumelana namaqondo obushushu asezantsi awayekhona ngelo xesha.
Nangona izilwanyana ezincancisayo zaziluphuhliso oluphezulu kunye nokwahluka kwezilwanyana ngeli xesha, amanye amaqela ezilwanyana afana neentaka, izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini kunye nezirhubuluzi zaqhubeka nokuziphindaphinda. Uninzi lwala maqela ezilwanyana luhleli kude kube namhlanje. Nangona kunjalo, akunakuphikiswa ukuba izilwanyana ezincancisayo zazingookumkani beli xesha.
I-Pleistocene megafauna yayiquka ikakhulu izilwanyana ezinkulu. Phakathi kwezi zilwanyana siqaqambisa abona bantu baninzi i-mammoth, i-megatherium, i-smilodon, i-elasmotherium, phakathi kwabanye. Siza kuhlalutya nganye nganye kwezona zilwanyana ziphambili kwizilwanyana zasePleistocene.
omkhulukazi
Ezi zilwanyana zazingezohlobo lweMammuthus kwaye zazibonakala zifana kakhulu neendlovu esinazo namhlanje. Olunye lweempawu ezimele kakhulu kweli qela kukukhula kwempumlo. Kungenxa yokuba zezomyalelo weProboscidea kwaye zinamalungu aziwa njenge-trunk. Igama layo lenzululwazi yi-proboscis. Iimammoth nazo zazinazo Imilenze emide ebukhali encedise ekuzikhuseleni kwizilwanyana ezinokubatshabalalisa. La mazinyo ayenendlela egobileyo ephezulu. Ezi mpondo zazenziwe ngeempondo zendlovu.
Kuxhomekeka kwindawo yokuhanjiswa komntu kunye nokusondela okanye umgama weendawo ezinamaqondo obushushu asezantsi, umzimba wawugqunywe ngoboya obungaphezulu okanye obuncinci. Umkhwa wayo okanye ukutya kwakuyinto etshisayo. Oku kwenza ukuba amazinyo abe nomsebenzi wokuzikhusela. Ngaphandle kokubonakala kwayo okukhulu kwaye ikwiqela lePleistocene megafauna, yaphela kweli xesha lilandelayo. Enkosi kwiirekhodi ezininzi zeefosili, kuye kwakho ukwazi okuninzi malunga ne-morphology kunye nendlela yokuphila yolu hlobo.
I-Megatherium
Ezi zilwanyana zezoku-odola i-Pilosa kwaye zinxulumene nama-sloths akhoyo. Luhlobo lwesilwanyana esaye saba sesona sikhulu sakha sahlala emhlabeni. Ubunzima bakhe obuqhelekileyo babungu phakathi kwe-2.5 kunye neetoni ezi-3 kwaye zazimalunga neemitha ezi-6 ubude. Olu hlobo luye lwafundwa ngenxa yamathambo aqokelelweyo. Amathambo ayo ayomelele ngokwaneleyo, ngoko kurhanelwa ukuba kwakufuneka ixhase inyama eninzi.
Njengama-sloths namhlanje, babeneenzipho ezinde kakhulu. Ezi nzipho zazisetyenziselwa ukumba ukutya. Ukutya kwabo bekugcwele kwinyoka kwaye kucingelwa ukuba babeziphethe bodwa. Umzimba wawugqunywe ngoboya obungqindilili obabunceda ukukhusela kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi awayekhona ngala maxesha. Indawo yokuhlala kunye nendawo yokuhambisa eyandisiweyo yimimandla yoMzantsi Merika.
smilodon
Esi silwanyana sivela kusapho lakwaFelidae, ukuba zizalamane ngokuthe ngqo kwezi ndawo zangoku. Olona phawu lwalo lwaluphambili ubukhulu bayo kunye neentsini ezimbini ezinde ezaziphuma kumhlathi wayo ongasentla. Ndiyabulela kwezi mpawu i-smilodon yaziwa kwihlabathi liphela njenge »Ingwe ezinamazinyo amaSaber». Esinye sezilwanyana ezifundwe kakhulu kuyo yonke imbali kuba ikwakhona kumabali amaninzi nakwiintsomi.
Ngombulelo kwiifosili eziye zaqokelelwa kwezi ntlobo, iinkunzi zinokufikelela kwiikhilogram ezingama-300 ngokobunzima. Bahlala ikakhulu kuzo zonke iindawo zoMntla noMzantsi Merika.
elasmotherium
Yayisinye sezilwanyana ezanyisayo ezazisapho lweRhinocerotidae, ezinxulumene nemikhombe yanamhlanje. Olona phawu luphambili kwezi zilwanyana yayikukuba nophondo olukhulu olwaluphuma kwikakayi lwayo nolunokufikelela ngaphezulu kweemitha ezimbini. Ukutya kwabo kwakudla ubomi kwaye ukutya kwabo okuphambili yingca. Njengakwezinye izilwanyana ezincancisayo, yayinomzimba ogqunywe ngoboya obukhulu. Indawo yokuhlala kunye nendawo yokuhambisa yayikwiindawo ezikumbindi weAsia kunye namathafa aseRussia.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nezilwanyana zePleistocene.