El ixesha lokugqibela banamacandelo aliqela okwakheka komhlaba. Namhlanje siza kugxila kwicandelo lokuqala leli xesha. Imalunga nayo Ipleistocene. Eli candelo lejoloji lalibonakaliswa ikakhulu ngamaqondo obushushu asezantsi kwiplanethi yonke kunye nokubonakala kwezilwanyana ezincancisayo ezinkulu ezinjengezilwanyana ezincancisayo. Ukuqonda kakuhle yonke into efundwa lixesha lokwahlulahlula komhlaba, kufuneka uyazi ngokuchanekileyo into eyiyo Ixesha lejoloji.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ofuna ukuyifumana malunga nePleistocene.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Eli xesha sisalathiso okoko kufundwe indalo yoluntu. Ngexesha lePleistocene Kwakuxa kwavela ookhokho bokuqala bale mihla. Lelinye lawona macandelo e-geological afundwe kunye nelona linerekhodi zeefosili. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ulwazi olufunyenweyo lubanzi kwaye luthembekile.
I-Pleistocene yaqala malunga Iminyaka eyi-2.6 yezigidi kunye nokuphela kwexesha lokugqibela lomkhenkce kwenzeka ngo-10.000 XNUMX BC Ngeli xesha akukabikho zintshukumo zinkulu zamazwekazi. Ihleli phantse ngokufanayo kwindawo enye.
Njengoko besitshilo ekuqaleni kwenqaku, lonke eli candelo le-geological libonakaliswe ikakhulu ngamaqondo obushushu asezantsi kwihlabathi liphela. Oku kukhokelele ekulandelelaneni kwemijikelezo yomkhenkce apho amaqondo obushushu enyuka esihla. Oku kwaziwa njengamaxesha okuhlangana. Phantse I-30% yomhlaba wonke yayigqunywe ngumkhenkce ngokungagungqiyo ngeli xesha. Iindawo ezazigcina iqabaka ngokuqhubekayo yayiziipali.
Ngokubhekisele kwizilwanyana, izilwanyana ezincancisayo ezinje ngemammoth, imaston kunye ne-megatherium baphila ubuqaqawuli obuphezulu. Ezi zilwanyana zazilawula iplanethi ngokuba zinkulu. Kwakukho nophuhliso lwezinyanya zomntu wale mihla ezazingoo IHomo erectus, iHomo habilis, kunye neHomo neanderthalensis.
I-geology yePleistocene
Ngethuba leli candelo kwakungekho msebenzi omkhulu we-geological. Inkqubo ye- Ukuhamba kwelizwekazi Kubonakala ngathi iyakucothiswa xa ithelekiswa namanye amaxesha angaphambili. Amacwecwe eetekoni apho amazwekazi ahleli khona akakhange avume ukuhamba ngaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezili-100 omnye komnye. Ngokufanelekileyo ngeli xesha amazwekazi ebesele ekwimeko efanayo nale sinayo namhlanje.
I-glaciation yayininzi kakhulu ngeli xesha, i-ember inyanzelise kwimijikelezo eliqela yokunyuka okuphawulekayo kokuhla kweqondo lobushushu beplanethi. Oku kubangele ukuba imimandla eliqela emazantsi iya kugutyungelwa ngumkhenkce. Njengomphumo womkhenkce, umphezulu wamazwekazi wachaphazeleka yinkqubo eros. Le yinto eyaziwa ngokuba yi Umzekelo womkhenkce.
Kwakhona Inqanaba lolwandle lehle kakhulu malunga neemitha ezili-100. Oku kungenxa yokuyilwa komkhenkce ngexesha lomkhenkce.
Isimo sezulu sePleistocene
Ngeli nqanaba lejoloji, yintoni eyaziwa ngokuba yi imiyaka yomkence. Oku kuyimpazamo kuba ngexesha lePleistocene uthotho lokhenkceko lwenzeka apho bekukho amaxesha ngamaqondo obushushu aphezulu kwindalo kwaye amanye aphantsi. Imozulu kumaqondo obushushu ashukumayo ayeguquguquka kulo lonke ixesha lonyaka nangona amaqondo obushushu Khange baphakame kakhulu njengakwezinye izihlandlo zejoloji yoMhlaba.
Iimeko zemozulu ziqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo kwexesha lePliocene langaphambili. Kule nqanaba, amaqondo obushushu eplanethi ehle kakhulu. Imigca yomhlaba ekufutshane nasezibondeni yaqwalaselwa, kwaye ngeli nqanaba iAntarctica yahlala iphantse yagutyungelwa ngumkhenkce ukusuka kumantla asemazantsi amazwekazi aseMelika naseYurophu ngexesha lesigaba sokuqhaqha.
Kulo lonke isigaba sePleistocene kwakukho ii-glaciation ezi-4.
Iintyatyambo, izilwanyana kunye nabantu
Ngeli nqanaba, ubomi babunokwahluka kakhulu ngaphandle kwako konke ukusikelwa umda kwemozulu okukhoyo ngenxa yokugungqa. Ngexesha lePleistocene zaziliqela iintlobo zebiomes. Kuhlobo ngalunye lwe-biome, izityalo ezinokuthi zikwazi ukuziqhelanisa nezona meko zigqibeleleyo zaphuhliswa. Kumantla e-hemisphere yeplanethi ngaphakathi kwe-Arctic Circle kulapho i-biome esiyaziyo namhlanje njenge-tundra iphuhlileyo. Ezona mpawu ziphambili kwi-tundra yile izityalo zincinci, akukho mthi unamagqabi okanye emikhulu. Kolu hlobo lwendalo, ubulembu buninzi.
I-taiga ikwayenye into ebonwa ngexesha lePleistocene. I-taiga ikakhulu iqulethe uhlobo lwezityalo apho zihlala khona imithi ye-coniferous kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ifikelela kwiindawo eziphakamileyo. Njengokuba ulwazi lutsaliwe kwiirekhodi zeefosili, bekukho ubukho bamachaphaza amhlophe, ubulembu kunye nezinye iiferns kwezi biomes.
Kumazwekazi iqondo lobushushu lalingaphantsi kakhulu kwaye kwavumela ukukhula kwezityalo ezikhulu ezinokuthi zenze amahlathi amakhulu. Kulapha apho izityalo ze-thermophilic zaqala ukuvela. Ezi zityalo zezo zinolungelelwaniso oluyimfuneko ukuze kusinde amanqanaba obushushu aphezulu.
Ngokubhekisele kwizilwanyana, ezona zilwanyana zineqela eliphambili. Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwezi zilwanyana kukuba yaziwa ngokuba yi-megafauna. Oko kukuthi, izilwanyana eziphambili zazinobukhulu obukhulu kwaye zazinako ngokupheleleyo ukumelana namaqondo obushushu aphantsi awayekho ngelo xesha.
Ukongeza, amanye amaqela ezilwanyana aqhubekeka nokwandisa ukwahluka kwawo kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokuzilungelelanisa nemeko ezintsha. Ezi zilwanyana ziintaka, izilwanyana eziphila emanzini nasemanzini kunye nezirhubuluzi. Isilwanyana sasisesona silwanyana sithandekayo esinomdla ngeli xesha. Ukubonakala okanye zazifana neendlovu esizaziyo namhlanje. Babenemisipha emide ebukhali kwaye olona phawu lwabo lwaluphambili yayikukugoba okubabeka phezulu. Kuxhomekeka kwindawo apho baya kufumaneka kunye neqondo labo lobushushu laligutyungelwe ngoboya obungaphezulu okanye obuncinci kwaye babenomkhwa wokutya okutyisayo.
Ngokuphathelele kumntu, uninzi lweentlobo zezinyanya ze Homo sapiens kodwa nayo le yabonakala. Olona phawu lwayo iphambili yayikukuba ifikelele ekuphuculweni okuphezulu kwengqondo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nePleistocene.