Ngaphakathi kumakroza esibhakabhakeni sifumana ezinye ezibhalwe sisazinzulu ngeenkcenkceshelo uPtolemy. Phakathi kwamaqela angama-48 eenkwenkwezi abhalwe yile nkwenkwezi apho kufunyanwa amaqela angama-88 anamhlanje, sinayo Ikroza leAndromeda. Liqoqo leenkwenkwezi elinokubonwa nakweyiphi na i-latitude ngokungaphezulu kwe-40 degrees emazantsi. Kwizibanzi zangaphakathi, i-constellation ihlala ingezantsi kolundi kwaye ikwikota yokuqala yesantla ye-hemisphere.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu, imbali, imvelaphi kunye nokwakhiwa kweqela le-Andromeda.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Kuluhlu lwama-88 eenkwenkwezi zala maxesha, iAndromeda ikwinqanaba le-19 ngokobungakanani bayo Indawo yayo ukusuka kuma-degrees angama-722 eekwere kunye neenkwenkwezi ezidibeneyo zi: ICassiopeiaLizard, Pegasus, Perseus, Intlanzi kunye noNxantathu. Phakathi kwezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezikweli qela leenkwenkwezi ngumnyele weAndromeda. Lo mnyele ukwaziwa ngokuba nguMessier 31. Luhlobo lomnyele we-spiral osondeleyo kufutshane Indlela yobisi.
Olunye lweempawu eziphambili zekroza leAndromeda kukuba liyaziwa ngokuba nemvula enkulu yeemeteor ebizwa ngokuba yiAndromedids. Imvula yenzeka qho ngonyaka ngeyeNkanga, kuba iyenzeka ukungena kumoya ojikeleze umhlaba ukusuka kwintsalela yeComet Biela. Le shemete meteor ibikhangeleka ngokukodwa kule minyaka ingama-XNUMX idlulileyo. Kuba okwangoku zimbalwa iintsalela ze-comet, akunakwenzeka ukuba uyigcine leeshawa ngeliso lenyama.
Imvelaphi kunye neentsomi zekroza leAndromeda
Njengoko kunokubonwa kwiintsomi zamaGrike, UAndromeda wayeyintombi kaCassiopeia noCepheus. Bobabini babengukumkani baseTopiya. Inani leAndromeda lidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiintsomi zikaPerseus. Kwintsomi kuthiwa uKumkanikazi uCassiopeia wayesoloko eqhayisa ngokuba intombi yakhe yayiyeyona intle kuzo zonke iiNereids. I-Nereids yayizii-nymphs ezazinobuhle obukhulu kwaye zihlala emazantsi olwandle. Ngenxa yokuqaqadeka kweCassiopeia, amanye amaNereids kwaye aziphindezela kuthixo uPoseidon.
Kususela ngoko apho iingxaki zaqala khona. Ukuphendula izicelo zeNereids, uPoseidon wathumela i-monster uCetus ukuba itshabalalise i-reindeer yaseCassiopeia kunye neCepheus. Ukuzikhusela kwabo, basebenzisa iOracle ka-Amun kwaye wathumela ukuba ukuze asindise ubukumkani bakhe, kwafuneka abingelele ngentombi yakhe uAndromeda ukuze azolise isigebenga. Kungoko uAndromeda wayebotshelelwe engxondorheni kufutshane nolwandle kwaye wanikwa irhafu kuCetus. Ngokwentsomi, iqhawe uPerseus wabonakala ukuze atshabalalise i-monster kwaye ahlangule umfazi. Ukususela ngoko, uPerseus noAndromeda babetshatile kwaye babenabantwana abasithoba. Emva kokufa kukaAndromeda, uthixokazi uAthena wambeka esibhakabhakeni wamjika wamenza inkwenkwezi. Ngesi sizathu amaqela eenkwenkwezi ahambelana nentsomi kaPerseus abekwe ngeenxa zonke kuwo.
Iinkwenkwezi zeqela le-Andromeda
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, isekwe kwiqela elikhulu leenkwenkwezi elithathwa njengelona likhulu kurekhodi. Ineenkwenkwezi ezi-3 ezikhulu ezinobukhulu obubonakalayo obubonakala bungaphantsi kwesi-3. Ezi nkwenkwezi zinegama IAlfa Andromedae, iBeta Andromedae kunye neGamma Andromedae. Siza kuhlalutya ezona mpawu ziphambili nganye nganye:
UAlfa Andromedae
Yeyona nkwenkwezi igqamileyo kwikroza leAndromeda. Yaziwa ngegama likaAlpheratz okanye uSirah. Iqwalaselwa njengoluhlobo lweenkwenkwezi ezibini ezenziwa ziinkwenkwezi ezimbini ezijikeleza enye ngaphezulu kwenye. Ime kwindawo yokukhanya engama-97 ukusuka kwiplanethi yomhlaba. Le nkwenkwezi kwakhona bobabo liqela Pegasus. Ubukhulu bayo obubonakalayo yi-2.07 kwaye yeyona nto ikhanya kuzo zonke iinkwenkwezi ze-mercury-manganese.
IBeta Andromedae
Le nkwenkwezi yesibini eqaqambileyo kwikroza leAndromeda. Kuthathelwa ingqalelo ingxilimbela ebomvu enobukhulu obulinganayo nobangaphambili. Yaziwa ngegama likaMirach. Ngokwezinye iingqikelelo zezazi ngeenkwenkwezi kucingelwa ukuba yiminyaka eli-199 yokukhanya ukusuka kwiplanethi yethu. Oososayensi bacinga ukuba le nkwenkwezi inokuba iphindwe kali-100 kubukhulu belanga
IGamma Andromedae
Siyayazi le nkwenkwezi igama Almach okanye Alamak. Ngenye yeenkwenkwezi ezikude kakhulu kwikroza kwaye yiminyaka engama-350 yokukhanya ukusuka kwiplanethi yethu. Ekuqaleni sasicinga ukuba yinkwenkwezi eyedwa, kodwa kamva kufunyenwe ukuba yinkqubo yeenkwenkwezi eyenziwe ziinkwenkwezi ezi-4.
Delta Andromedae
Yinkqubo yeenkwenkwezi eyenziwe ziinkwenkwezi ezi-3. Okuqaqambe koku lusuku lweDelta Andromedae sisigebenga esi-orenji esinobungakanani obungu-3.28. Umgama ovela kwiplanethi yethu umalunga neminyaka eli-101 yokukhanya.
Epsilon Andromedae
Enye yeenkwenkwezi zeenkwenkwezi zeAndromeda. Sisigantsontso esimthubi esikumgama weminyaka eli-155 yokukhanya ukusuka kwiplanethi yethu. Ubungakanani bayo obubonakalayo ngu-4.4. Olunye lweempawu eziphambili kukuba inkwenkwezi ijikeleza kwiMilky Way nge-elliptical orbit. Olu hlobo lokujikeleza lubangela isigebenga esimthubi usondela elangeni ngesantya seekhilomitha ezingama-84 ngomzuzwana.
Izinto zezulu
Kule nkwenkwezi kukho ezinye zezinto zesibhakabhaka ezinomdla kakhulu ukuzazi. Siyazi ukuba umnyele weAndromeda luhlobo lomnyele othintelweyo ophantse uliphindaphinde kabini ubungakanani beMilky Way. Ime kwindawo eyi-2.5 yezigidi zeminyaka yokukhanya ukusuka kwiplanethi yomhlaba.
Imilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo yokuhamba komnyele yenziwe kwaye kufunyenwe ukuba Iminyele emibini iya kungqubana kwiminyaka ye-4500 yezigidigidi. Yonke le nto iya kuphakamisa kumnyele omkhulu omkhulu. Lo galaleli uneminyele ye-satellite eyi-15 kwaye ngamnye wabo ubalasele ngokuba neminyele ye-elliptical eyaziwa ngokuba yi-M32 neM15.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngale ngcaciso ungafunda ngakumbi malunga neqela le-Andromeda.