Zvirokwazvo wakambonzwa nezvake orography. Ndiro bazi rezvemamiriro ekunze rinotarisa pakufunda kuti makomo akaumbwa sei uye nehunhu hwaanazvo. Iyo inozivikanwa zvakare mune rimwe remapazi ejogirafi ane zita reruzivo. Iyo sainzi inoedza kunyatsoongorora uye kudzidza kuti makomo, zvikomo, uye makomo makomo anogadzirwa nekuvandudzwa sei.
Muchikamu chino unogona kuwana ruzivo rwese rwaunoda nezve orography, zvarinodzidza uye nekukosha kwazvakaita.
Chii chinonzi orography?
Iwo hunyanzvi hwakabatanidzwa mune imwe nzira chaiyo mukudzidza kweiyo geomorphology yenzvimbo. Ndokureva, haina kuganhurirwa kune hunhu hunogona kuve nepamusoro, sezvazviri mune mamiriro emamiriro ekunze. Semuenzaniso, iwe unogona kudzidza kuumbwa kwegomo renzvimbo kana boka remakomo renji. Aya maficha anozivikanwa seOnogeny.
Iri bazi remajogirafi epanyama rinotarisira kurongedza mhando dzerubatsiro kana kukwirisa kwatinowana munzvimbo yese yepasi. Kwete chete mhando dzezvibodzwa, asi zvakare maumbirwo anogona kuwanikwa neenzvimbo, achifunga nezvese zvekunze zvinhu zvine simba nazvo. Izvo zvidzidzo zvinotarisa kurondedzera ese marudzi emakomo atinogona kucherechedza. Gomo rega rega rakave nemaitiro akasiyana mukuumbwa uye shanduko kubva munhoroondo. Idzi dzidzo uye tsananguro dzinoitwa uchishandisa mifananidzo yemifananidzo. Kutenda kune izvo zvinomiririrwa, zvinonyatso kuzivikanwa semamepu, zvinokwanisika kufungidzira uye kudzidza zvakawanda nezverudzi rwekusunungurwa kunowanikwa mune imwe nharaunda.
Mhando dzoruzivo
Iyo orography ine nzira dzakasiyana dzekuratidzira zororo. Tinowana mafomu akasiyana akadai semakomo, makomo anoputika, mapani nemipata. Zvakare, zvinoenderana nenzvimbo yatiri nekuremekedza gungwa, tinogona kucherechedza akasiyana geomorphologies senge mawere nemabhichi. Iyo orography zvakare inoshanda kuona mamwe emvura makosi, chimiro chavanacho (senge meanders) uye morphology yemuromo wavo.
Nezve kukosha kwekudzidza kweorogirafi, tinogona kuona kuti dzakakosha zvakanyanya kune vejogirafi uye nehurumende dzenyika, nekuti ivo vanoshanda kuita nzira dzakasiyana dzezvivakwa nemabasa emumigwagwa. Hunhu hwese hwenyika hunodzidziswa nechinangwa chekugona kuvaka zvivakwa nemigwagwa yekutaurirana yekuwedzera uye kuita guta. Iinewo basa rakakosha munyika yezvekurima uye kuchera. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti iwe unogona kuita ongororo yakakosha pane hunhu hwevhu uye pasi pevhu kuti uzive kuti ndeapi marudzi ezvirimwa anogona kudyarwa Kunze kwezvo, futi tinogona kuziva kana paine nzvimbo dzepasi pevhu dzemvura nekuda kwemamepu akagadzirwa neruzivo rwekunyora.
Zvese izvi zvinova zvakakosha kana tichida kushandisa zvakanaka nekubvisa zviwanikwa. Pamusoro pezvo, kunyangwe ichiita sekuti haina kubatana nazvo, iyo orography ine chekuita nekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye kwezvakatipoteredza kunoitika munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, mamiriro ekunze anogona kunge aripo munzvimbo yemakomo (zvese maererano nekunaya kwemvura uye tembiricha uye hutongi hwemhepo) haina kufanana nemamiriro ekunze anogona kuvapo munzvimbo yemahombekombe. Iko kufamba kwechaunga chemweya kunokonzerwa neiyi orography iyo inogadzira maitiro ekudzora zvichienderana nekureba kwemakomo. Chimwe chinhu chakakosha chaizvo kukwirira kwemakomo emakomo akasiyana. Aya marefu ane basa rekumhanyisa kumhanyisa kwemhepo.
Kupfupisa izvi zvese tinogona kutaura izvo Orography inokonzeresa huwandu hwenzvimbo yekunaya, chakafukidza gore nemhepo zvinogona kunyorwa munzvimbo yakapihwa.
Orography yeEurope
Tinogona kutaura kuti Europe ndeimwe yemakondinendi inopa imwe yemakero akakura kwazvo orography. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kune mhando dzakasiyana dzekuzorora mukondinendi yese. Pakati pezvinyorwa zvatinogona kuwana tine:
- Alps: Iyo inozivikanwa seinonyanya kukosha orographic system mune yese yeWestern Europe
- Apennines: ino gomo system mune iyo Vesuvius volcano, iyo Etna volcano, iri pachitsuwa cheSicily.
- KuEurope tinowanawo iyo Dynamic Makomo uye Scandinavia Makomo.
- Muganhu wepanyama pakati peEurope neAsia unoratidzwa ne Ural makomo.
- Makomo eCaucasus. Aya makomo akarara pakati peGungwa reCaspian ne Gungwa Dema
- Munharaunda yese yeEuropean tine makomo makuru anoputika, mapani nemapani. Kune zvakare kune akawanda mabani, zvimiro zvehova uye huwandu hwakawanda hwevasungwa vevanhu. Pakati pemapani akakosha isu tine bani rePo, bani reNorth Europe nebani reRussia.
Orography yeSpain
Nyika yedu inoratidzirwa nekuve nerunyararo rwakakwirira uye nemakomo zororo. Iwo masisitimu akawandisa uye anovhara hafu yenharaunda yese. Iyi mhando yemamiriro ekuyamura mamiriro ekunze atinawo kuSpain. Pakati pezvakakosha orography zvatiinazvo munyika medu tinowana:
- The Pyrenees. Iyi gomo renji masystem anoparadzanisa Iberia Peninsula neFrance. Iine hupfumi hwakawanda hwemiti nemhuka uye mamiriro ekunze zvinoenderana nerubatsiro.
- Betic Maitiro. Iwo ndiwo akakwirira makomo.
- Makomo eCantabriana.
- Sierra Morena
- Montes de Toledo
- Kumabvazuva kweIberia system
- Archipelagos, iyo Balearic Islands uye Canary Islands
Nekuda kwekuti Spain yakashambidzwa nematatu akasiyana emvura, tinowana akasiyana mhenderekedzo, mawere nenzizi. Iyo Iberia Peninsula yakakomberedzwa neAtlantic Ocean, Gungwa reCantabrian uye Gungwa reMediterranean.
Sezvauri kuona, iyo orography yenzvimbo yakakosha zvakanyanya kana tichida kuziva zororo. Uye zvakare, mazhinji emamiriro ekunze enzvimbo anonyatso tsanangurwa neayo orography. Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve iyo orography.