Nhasi tichataura nezveimwe yemakomo ari mune imwe yenzvimbo dzekufananidzira dzePicos de Europa National Park. Zviri nezve Pico Urriello, anonyatso kuzivikanwa nezita rekuti Bulnes orenji muti. Iyo ndeimwe yemakomo ane mukurumbira mupaki yenyika iyi uye iri pakati yepakati massif. Ine hurefu hwemamita 2518 uye yakakwidzwa kekutanga muna 1904. Kubva ipapo, makomo aya akazova chimwe chezviitiko zvakakosha mukutanga kwekukwira makomo kweSpain.
Muchikamu chino tiri kuzokuudza zvese hunhu, geology uye kuziva kwaNaranjo de Bulnes.
Mhando huru
Uyu musangano uyo unoumbwa necalcareous monolith iyo yakaumbwa kwechikamu chikuru neyakajeka grey limestone matombo. Aya matombo aive akakura uye microbially akavakwa. Izvi zvinhu zvakatangira pachikuva chihombe chine zvemukati zvemakungwa maCarbonate uye zvakagadzirwa panguva ye carboniferous nguva. Iyo inomuka uye inodonha iyo mwero wegungwa wakasangana panguva yeCarboniferous nguva zvakakonzera kunyudzwa kwechikamu chepamusoro chepuratifomu uye maitiro ekarst akagadzirwa.
Mukuzorodzwa kwekarst, maburi anotangira semhedzisiro yeiyo karstification maitiro uye anozadzwa nezvinhu kubva ku Nguva yePermian. Zvishandiso izvi zvinoonekwa sekunge zvine mipata yakatsvuka uye ivhu. Hunhu hukuru hwaNaranjo de Bulnes ndeyekuti ine morphology yayo seyakatangira zvakanyatsogadzirwa kubva kune glacial modelling. Iyo glacier modelling yaive pamusoro peiyo General chinhu icho iyo geology yenzvimbo yaitora mukati mese glaciations. Iyo nzvimbo yese yePicos de Europa yakatambura glaciation panguva ye quaternary Epoch, ane yekupedzisira glacial maximum akaitika makore makumi matatu nemasere apfuura.
Kusvikira panguva iyo glaciations yakatanga kuitika, chikamu chepamusoro chepakati chepamusoro chakafukidzwa nekaputi yegomo. Iyo yepamusoro yaive yakaumbwa nedombo rakabvaruka rakakomberedzwa zvachose neeros yaive yemitauro miviri yechando. Iine rusvingo rwakakwenenzverwa uye haruna mativi. Aya ndiwo maficha akasiyana anoratidza chiito chehasha chemitauro yechando pamadziro eNaranjo de Bulnes. Glacier modelling ine yakasarudzika hunhu iyo inobvumidza geologists kuona kuumbwa kweumwe neumwe wavo.
Geological uye tsika kufarira kwaNaranjo de Bulnes
Sezvinotarisirwa, chirevo chine hunhu uhu, mhedzisiro yeglacial maitiro uye inozivikanwa nekuve chiitiko chakakosha mukuSpanish kukwira makomo, ine hukuru hwe geological, hwetsika uye hwemagariro kufarira. Kana tichienda kune iyo geological kufarira iyo iyo Naranjo de Bulnes inogona kuve nayo, tinoona kuti ndeyeye geomorphological mhando. Iyo geomorphology yeiyi yepamusoro muenzaniso wakanaka wenunatak. Iyo nunatak rudzi rwematombo anobuda kunze kunoitika mukati megomo chivharo. Iyi cap cap yemakomo inozivikanwa kunyanya nekuburitsa yakakwenenzverwa madziro nekuda kwekuita kwechando chando.
Kusununguka-nyungudika macircle kunokonzera kubrasion kumatombo. Nekuda kweyekuti kuwanda kwechando kwakaitika pamusoro uno, kubvutwa kwechando kwave kupukuta matombo ese kusvika morphology yavo yagadziriswa. Iyi morphology inoonekwa segirazi rine mwero uye, panguva imwechete, inoshanda sehumboo huripo hwekugona kududzira shanduko yemasimba echando eQuaternary.
Iyo zvakare ine zvimwe zvisiri-zvegeological zvido senge nhoroondo uye tsika. Kubva pane zvetsika nemagariro maonero, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti zvine hunhu hwakanaka kuve nzvimbo yakanaka. Inotorwa seimwe yeanomiririra uye anozivikanwa zvinhu zvePicos de Europa National Park. Isu tinofanirwa zvakare kuwedzera iyo nhoroondo mamiriro kubvira iyo yepamusoro yakakwidzwa kekutanga muna 1904 naPedro Pidal naGregorio Pérez. Vaviri ava vanokwidza makomo ndivo vakaisa hwaro hweSpain yekukwira makomo.
Ungasvika sei kumucheto weNaranjo de Bulnes
Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuenda kunzvimbo yeVega de Urriellu. Zvichida zvakapusa zvichave zvekusiya mota mutaundi reSotres. Kubva ipapo, isu tinokwanisa kufamba tichitevedza nzira iripo tonanga kuCabao yechando. Gare gare isu tichayambuka rwizi rweDuje uye kubva ipapo tinogona kukwira kuenda kuPandébano pass uko nzira inopera uye nzira inotanga.
Kubva pano tinogona kuona Urriellu uye kana iwe ukatevera nzira iwe unosvika kuguta reBulnes. Kune mamwewo makwara asi iwo akaomarara.
Kunyangwe isiri iyo yepamusoro soro muMakomo eCantabrian, Iyo ine kukwirira kwemamiriyoni 2.519 uye inoonekwa seimwe yemakomo anozivikanwa kwazvo. Kunyanya chii chinoita kuti iyo yepamusoro ive nemukurumbira ndeye 550 metres emadziro akamira pamadziro ayo ekumadokero. Sezvatakambotaura, mavambo erusvingo urwu anoitika kuburikidza neyekuvhenekera kwakatangira Quaternary uye abrasion yechando uye nyungudika.
Anonyanya kukwira anokwira
Mushure mekukwira kwekutanga muna 1904, vamwe vamwe vakatevera. Kukwira kwechipiri kwakaitika muna 1906 uye kwakaitwa naDr. Gustav Shulze mugeology uye neruzivo rwekukwira mugomo weGerman. Akazviitirawo kumeso kwekuchamhembe uye akazviita ega. Akanga ari wekutanga kukwira makomo kushandisa hoko kuti akwanise kudzorera pasi kuchamhembe kumeso. Iyi geologist yakatsanangura kukwira kwacho kupfupi uye kwakaoma.
Muna 1924 murume anokwidza makomo anonzi Víctor Martínez Campillo akakwanisa kuvhura nzira nyowani yakapusa iri kuruboshwe rwechiso chekumaodzanyemba. Kubva ipapo yave ichizivikanwa saVía Víctor. Kumwe kwekukura kwekupedzisira kwakaitika muna 1973 uye kwakateverwa zvakanyanya nevhidhiyo. Chinhu chinonakidza pamusoro pekukwira uku ndechekuti yaive yechando uye yakanga yatora hupenyu hwakati wandei uye kununura kwakati wandei kwakaitwa.
Sezvauri kuona, iyo Naranjo de Bulnes ndeimwe yemakomo anozivikanwa uye anozivikanwa muSpain. Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvazvo.