Huru hwemhepo hunogona kutsanangurwa sechikamu hombe chemweya chine kutenderera kwakatwasanuka kwemazana mazana emakiromita. Iyo ine zvimiro zvemuviri senge tembiricha, hunyoro zvemukati uye yakatwasuka tembiricha gradient izvo zvakanyanya kana zvishoma yunifomu. Sezvo iyo masasi emhepo Ivo akakosha kwazvo kune meteorology uye mamiriro ekunze, isu tichaisa iyi chinyorwa chakazara kuti tizive hunhu hwavo uye simba.
Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvese zvine chekuita nemweya mamhepo, ichi ndicho chako chinyorwa.
Mhando dzenzvimbo dzemhepo
Sezvatakambotaura, ichi chikamu hombe chemhepo chine chiwedzero chakatwasuka uye zvimwe zvinhu zvemuviri ndizvo zvatinodaidza kuti zemo remhepo. Ivo vanopatsanurwa zvinoenderana nehunhu hunhu hwavanazvo, kunyanya nekushisa. Zvichienderana netembiricha yemhepo yakawanda tinowana vanhu vazhinji vanotonhorera, senge arctic uye polar, kana inodziya, senzvimbo dzinopisa dzemhepo. Kune zvekare mamwe marudzi ezvekupatsanurwa zvinoenderana nehunyoro hwayo, ndiko kuti, hwemvura yayo yemukati. Masasi emhepo ne zvishoma zvirimo mumhute yemvura zvinodaidzwa kuti makondinendi masasi. Kune rimwe divi, izvo izvo kana vakauya vakaremerwa hunyoro, ndivo vegungwa, nekuti kazhinji dzinowanikwa munzvimbo dziri padyo negungwa.
Kune nzvimbo dzepakati dzepakati patinowana mhomho dzemhepo munguva yechando uye zhizha uye dzinodhumhana nerudzi rwayo. Idzi nzvimbo ndidzo dzinodaidzwa kunzi mhepo mafirita uye neIntertropical Convergence zone.
Masimba emhepo masasi
Iye zvino tava kuzoongorora simba revanhu vazhinji vemhepo kuti tinzwisise nezvazvo. Iko kune kufamba mune yakatenderera ndege yemhepo mameseji akagadziriswa nekudzvinyirira kwemhepo pamusoro penyika. Iko kufamba kwevanhu vazhinji vemhepo kunozivikanwa sekumanikidza gradient. Mhepo inoda kufamba ichibva panzvimbo panenge paine kumanikidzwa kuenda kune pane zvishoma. Kutenderera uku ndiko kunosimbisa kuyerera kana gradient yemhepo.
Iyo gradient inotsanangurwa nemusiyano wekumanikidza watinogona kuwana. Iyo yepamusoro iyo yekumanikidza mutsauko inowedzera simba mhepo inotenderera. Iyi misiyano mukumanikidza kwehunhu hwendege yakatwasuka inokonzeresa shanduko mukumhanyisa kwenzvimbo dzemhepo. Uku kumhanyisa kunoratidzirwa sekushandurwa kwesimba pasuniti yeyero uye kunoenderana kune maisobars. Uku kumhanyisa kunodaidzwa kunzi kudzvinyirira gradient. Iko kukosha kwesimba iri kwakapindirana zvakaenzana nehukuru hwemhepo uye zvakaringana zvakaenzana nekumanikidza gradient.
Coriolis mhedzisiro
El coriolis mhedzisiro Izvo zvinokonzereswa nekutenderera kwekutenderera kwePasi. Iko kutsauka uko pasi rinogadzira pavanhu vazhinji nekuda kweichi chiitiko chekutenderera. Uku kutsauka uko kunogadzirwa nenyika kumasasa emhepo nekuda kwekufamba kwekutenderera kunozivikanwa senge chiitiko cheCoriolis.
Kana isu tikazviongorora kubva kune iyo geometric nzvimbo yekutarisa, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti mweya yemhepo yakaita sekunge yaifamba pane inofamba kuronga hurongwa. Kukura kwesimba reCoriolis pachikamu cheyuniti chakanangana zvakananga nekumhanya kwakatwasuka uko kuri kutakurwa nemhepo panguva iyoyo uye nekumhanya kwekuumburuka kwePasi. Simba iri rinosiyanawo zvichienderana nehunyanzvi hwatiri. Semuenzaniso, kana isu tiri muEquator, nehupamhi 0, simba reCoriolis rakadzimwa zvachose. Nekudaro, kana tichienda kumatanda, ndipo patinowana iyo yepamusoro Coriolis kukosha, sezvo latitude iri 90 degrees.
Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti simba reCoriolis rinogara richiita zvakanangana nekutungamira kwekufamba kwemhepo. Nenzira iyi, pane kutsauka kurudyi chero patinenge tiri kuchamhembe kwenyika, uye kuruboshwe kana tiri kumaodzanyemba kwenyika.
Geostrophic mhepo
Chokwadi nekufamba kwenguva wakambozvinzwa imwe nguva kana panhau. Mhepo yegeostrophic ndiyo inowanikwa mukati iyo yemahara mhepo kubva pakureba kwe1000 metres uye ichivhuvhuta ingangoita yakatarisana neyakaomeswa gradient. Kana iwe ukatevera nzira yemhepo geostrophic, unogona kuwana yakanyanya kumanikidza cores kurudyi uye yakaderera kumanikidza cores kuruboshwe kuchamhembe hemisphere.
Naizvozvi tinogona kuona kuti simba redzvinyiriro rakadzikama nesimba reCoriolis. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti ivo vanoshanda munzira imwechete, asi nenzira yakatarisana. Kumhanya kwemhepo iyi kwakaringana zvakaenzana nesine yekumusoro. Zvinoreva kuti kune imwechete yekumanikidza gradient inosanganisirwa nemhepo geostrophic, tichaona kuti kumhanya kwekutenderera kunodzikira sei isu tichienda kunzvimbo dzakakwirira.
Frictional simba uye Ekman zononoka
Isu tinoenderera tichitsanangura chimwe chakakosha chikamu chemweya masimba masimba. Kukakavadzana kwemhepo, nepo dzimwe nguva kuchionekwa sekusina basa, hakufanirwe kuve. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nenyaya yekuti kukweshesana kwainako nepasi pano kune zvakakosha pamagumo ekufamba. Iyo inokonzeresa kumhanya kwemhepo kudzikira kana yave padyo nepamusoro kune kukosha pasi peiyo geostrophic mhepo. Uyezve, inokonzeresa kuti ipfuure nepakati peesobars zvakanyanya zvisinganetsi munzira yekumanikidza gradient.
Iko kukweshesana simba rinogara richiita nenzira yakatarisana nekwaifamba nevanhu vazhinji vemhepo. Kana iyo dhijitari yekuremekedza zvine chekuita neiyo isobars ikadzikira, iyo yekukweshera mhedzisiro inoderera, patinowedzera kusvika kune kumwe kukwirira, anenge chiuru chemamita. Pakukwirira uku mhepo iri geostrophic uye simba rekukwesana rinenge risisipo. Semhedzisiro yesimba rinokakavara riri pamusoro, mhepo inotora nzira inotenderera inozivikanwa seEkman Spiral.
Sezvauri kuona, simba remhepo rakawanda rakaomarara. Pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvekufunga nezvazvo. Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvazvo uye kujekesa kumwe kusahadzika.