Mufananidzo umo nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemamiriro ekunze dzakasiyaniswa, nechena kuve iyo nzvimbo inotonhora, bhuruu iyo subpolar zone, lilac iyo tundra zone, girini iyo inotonhora nzvimbo, yero iyo subtropical zone, uye pink iyo inopisa tropical zone.
Tine rombo rakanaka kugara munyika umo mune akasiyana mafomu ehupenyu. Mhuka uye zvirimwa zvinogarisana nenzira yakanakisa: kuzadzikidzana, kubatsirana - kunyangwe pasina kana kuzviziva - kuitira kuti munhu wese, sechisikwa, arambe achivapo.
Tine chikwereti ichi chakakura kwazvo kune iyo nyika pachayo. Kuve geoid yakaumbwa, mwaranzi yezuva haisvike pasi rese zvakaenzana, saka nzira dzekugadzirisa dzakasarudzika kune wega mupenyu. Sei? Sei Mamiriro ekunze epasi ane hunhu hwavo.
Iko kunokonzerwa nemwaranzi yezuva paPasi
Tisati taenderera kumberi kumusoro wenyaya uripo, ngatitangei titsanangure kuti mwaranzi yezuva inei nepasi redu, uye kuti inosvika sei.
Kufamba kwepasi
Pasi ipuraneti rine matombo izvo, sezvatinoziva, mukufamba kwese. Asi hazvisi zvakafanana nguva dzose, kutaura zvazviri, mhando ina dzinozivikanwa:
Kutenderera
Zuva rega rega (kana, kuti zvive zvakanyatsonaka, maawa makumi maviri nemaviri nemaminetsi makumi mashanu nematanhatu) Nyika inotenderera pane yayo axis, nenzira yekuWest-East. Ndiye watinoona zvakanyanya, nekuti mutsauko kubva pazuva kusvika usiku wakakura.
Dudziro
Mazuva makumi matatu nematanhatu ega ega, maawa mashanu nemaminetsi makumi mashanu nemanomwe, nyika inoenda kuzotenderera zuva kamwe chete. Zvisinei, panguva iyoyo pane mazuva mana anozonyanya kukosha:
- Kurume 21st: ndiyo nguva yematsutso kuchamhembe kwenyika, uye mwaka wequinox kumaodzanyemba kwenyika.
- 22 yaJune: inguva yezhizha yezuva kuchamhembe kwenyika, uye nguva yechando kumaodzanyemba kwenyika. Nhasi uno Nyika inosvikira kureba kwazvo kubva kuzuva, ndosaka ichizivikanwa seaphelion.
- September 23: Iyi ndiyo nguva yekuvhuvhuta iri kuchamhembe kwenyika, uye mwaka wequinox kumaodzanyemba kwenyika.
- Zvita 22th: Inguva yechando yezuva kuchamhembe hemisphere, uye zhizha solstice kumaodzanyemba hemisphere. Nhasi uno Nyika ichasvika padyo padyo padenga namambo nyeredzi, ndosaka ichizivikanwa seperihelion.
Precession
Nyika yatinogara pane iyo ellipsoid ine isina kujairika chimiro chakaremara nekukwezva kunokwezva kweyeredzi mambo, mwedzi uye, zvakare kunyangwe hazvo zvishoma, mapuraneti. Izvi zvinokonzera inotenderera pane yayo axis zvishoma nezvishoma, zvisingaite, panguva yekushandura kufamba inonzi »precession yeequinoxes». Nekuda kwavo, chinzvimbo chedenga rekudenga chinoshanduka kuburikidza nemazana emakore.
Kudya
Iko kudzoka uye kumberi kufamba kweiyo Earth axis. Sezvo isiri denderedzwa, kukwezva kweMwedzi pane equatorial bulge kunokonzeresa kufamba uku.
Mwenje yezuva inosvika sei pasi pano?
Sezvo nyika yakawedzera kana kushoma kutenderera uye uchifunga mafambiro ainoita mukati memazuva nemwedzi, mwaranzi yezuva haisviki kumativi ese epasi zvine simba rakaenzana. Ichokwadi, iyo inowedzera nzvimbo yacho kubva kuna nyeredzi mambo, uye padyo nepasi matanda auri, iwo mashoma mwenje uchave. Zvichienderana nezviri, nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemamiriro ekunze dzakatangira.
Nzvimbo dzemamiriro ekunze
Mamiriro ekunze anoonekwa nemamiriro ekunze emamiriro ekunze senge tembiricha, hunyoro, kumanikidza, mhepo, uye kunaya. Kana isu tichifunga nezve tembiricha chete, nzvimbo dzakatsanangurwa dzinowanikwa maererano neakasiyana masisitimu. Semuenzaniso, muKöppen system matanhatu emamiriro ekunze anosiyaniswa zvichienderana netembiricha mumwaka wega wega.
Tropical zone
Idzi nzvimbo dzine Kunopisa, iyo inowanikwa munzvimbo inopindirana kubva ku25º kuchamhembe kusvika ku25º kumaodzanyemba. Ivhareji tembiricha inogara iri pamusoro pe18ºC. Izvi hazvireve kuti chando hachigone kuitika, nekuti chinoitika mumakomo marefu uye dzimwe nguva mumarenje; zvisinei, iyo tembiricha yepakati yakakwira.
Mamiriro ekunze aya Izvo zvinokonzerwa nekona yezviitiko zvezuva rezuva rinoitika mumatunhu aya. Vanosvika vangangoita zvakaringana, izvo zvinoita kuti tembiricha ive yakakwira uye misiyano yekuchinja zvakare yakakwira kwazvo. Uye zvakare, zvinofanirwa kutaurwa kuti equator ndipo panosangana mhepo dzinotonhora dzeimwe hemisphere nemhepo inodziya yeimwe, iyo inoburitsa mamiriro ekudzvinyirira anogara aripo anonzi intertropical convergence zone, zvekuti kunogara kuchinaya kwenguva zhinji. yegore.
Subtropical nzvimbo
Tenerife (Zvitsuwa zveCanary, Spain)
Idzi nzvimbo dzine mamiriro ekunze anodziya, ayo anowanikwa munzvimbo dziri padyo neTropics yeCancer neCapricorn, munzvimbo dzakaita seNew Orleans, Hong Kong, Seville, Sao Paulo, Montevideo, kana Canary Islands (Spain).
Iyo yepakati pagore tembiricha haina kudonha pazasi pe18ºC, uye avhareji tembiricha yemwedzi unotonhora kwazvo wegore uri pakati pe18 ne6ºC. Mimwe inotonhora inotonhora inogona kuitika, asi haisi iyo inowanzoitika.
Yakadzikama nzvimbo
Puig Major, muMallorca.
Iyi nharaunda ine tembiricha yakadzikama, inowanikwa munzvimbo dzakakwirira uko tembiricha inotonhodza pane nzvimbo dzakaderera pane imwechete latitude. Ivhareji tembiricha iri pamusoro pe10ºC mumwedzi inotonhora, uye pakati -3º ne18ºC mumwedzi inotonhora..
Kune nguva ina dzakanyatsotsanangurwa: chirimo chine tembiricha dzinowedzera sekufamba kwemazuva, zhizha rine tembiricha yakakwira kwazvo, matsutso ane tembiricha dzinodzikira nekufamba kwemazuva, uye muchando umo chando chinogona kuitika.
Subpolar nzvimbo
Siberia
Iyi nharaunda ine subpolar mamiriro ekunze, anozivikanwa sa subarctic kana subpolar. Inowanikwa pakati pe50º ne70º latitude, senge munzvimbo zhinji dzeSiberia, kuchamhembe kweChina, kuzhinji kweCanada, kana munzvimbo zhinji yeHokkaido (Japan).
Tembiricha dzinogona kudonha kusvika -40ºC uye muzhizha, inova mwaka inotangira pamwedzi kusvika pamwedzi mitatu, inodarika 1ºC. Ivhareji tembiricha iri 10ºC.
Tundra nzvimbo
Polar bere muAlaska.
Iyi nharaunda ine tundra mamiriro ekunze kana alpine mamiriro ekunze. Inowanikwa muSiberia, Alaska, kuchamhembe kweCanada, kumaodzanyemba kweGreenland, kumahombekombe eArctic eEurope, yakanyanyisa kumaodzanyemba kweChile neArgentina, uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekuchamhembe kweAntarctica.
Kana tikataura nezve tembiricha, avhareji yechando shoma iri -15ºC, uye munguva yezhizha ipfupi dzinogona kusiyana kubva pa0 kusvika pa15ºC.
Nzvimbo inotonhora
Arctic
Iyi nharaunda ine echando mamiriro ekunze, uye inowanikwa muArctic neAntarctica. Mamiriro ekunze munzvimbo idzi anotonhora zvakanyanya, kunyanya muAntarctica uko tembiricha -93,2ºC yakanyorwa sezvo mwaranzi yezuva ichisvika ine simba shoma.
Uye neizvi isu tatoitwa. Tinovimba zvave zvichikufadzai. 🙂