Chokwadi unoziva chii chinonzi kutenderera kwemvura, uye kunozivikanwa se hydrological kutenderera. Izvo ndezve kuenderera uye kutenderera kufamba uko kunemvura pasi rese. Kubva pakutanga kusvika kumagumo eiyo kutenderera, mvura inogona kupfuura nemumatunhu ese: mvura, yakasimba uye gasi. Maitiro ekuti donhwe remvura rinotanga kutenderera uye kuripedza rinogona kugara pakati pemasekonzi kana maminetsi kusvika kunyangwe mamirioni emakore.
Iwe unoda kuziva iyo hydrological kutenderera zvakadzama? Muchikamu chino iwe uchadzidza zvese nezvazvo.
Mashandiro anoita mvura
Mvura ine mwero paPasi. Iko kunogara kune huwandu hwakaenzana hwemvura, asi munzvimbo dzakasiyana nemamiriro. Kazhinji, iyo hydrological balance inogara iripo, kunyangwe mamorekuru emvura anogona kutenderera nekukurumidza.
Ndiro Zuva iro rinotanga kunongedza nekufambisa kutenderera kwemvura kudziyisa mvura yemakungwa nemakungwa. Kana mvura yapwa, inosimuka kuita makore. Panguva ino mvura iri munzvimbo ine gasi. Kana mamiriro ezvinhu chaipo avepo, zvinoitika kunaya. Zvichienderana netembiricha yemhepo, kunaya kunogona kuve kwakasimba (chando kana chimvuramabwe) kana muchimiro chemvura (madonhwe emvura).
Kana mvura yangodonha pasi, inogona kuchengetwa nenzira yemvura yepasi, inogadzira madhishi, matope, madziva, madziva kana kujoina rwizi rwemvura rwepamusoro senzizi, hova, nezvimwe. Kana izvi zvikaitika, mvura inotungamirwa zvakare kugungwa uko inozopwa zvakare kuburikidza nemwaranzi yezuva kusvikira yaita makore. Aya ndiwo maitiro anovhara iyo hydrological kutenderera.
Maitiro akabatanidzwa mune hydrological kutenderera
Kune akawanda maitiro anopindira mune ino kutenderera kwemvura uye kuti kuburikidza navo mvura inochengetwa mukuenderera kufamba. Semuenzaniso, pane maitiro anoita kuti mvura ishanduke uye haifanirwe kunge iri iyo chaiyo kubuda kwemvura kubva mumakungwa nekuda kwezuva rezuva.
Kugadziridza izvi zvakare mhedzisiro yemvura inoputika Iyo inouya kubva kune ese ari maviri zvirimwa panguva yefotosynthesis maitiro uye kubva muvhu kubuda kwemvura.
Kana mweya wemvura uchisimuka mumhepo, kutonhora kutonhora kunoita kuti iumbane kuita makore kutenderera pasirese. Mvura inodzika mukati megore inodhumhana kugadzira madonhwe mahombe. Iwo madonhwe emvura anoda hygroscopic condensation musimboti kuti ubatanidzwe navo uye vagadzire rakakura donhwe remvura. Iyi condensation core inogona kunge iri jecha rejecha, semuenzaniso.
Nekuenderera mberi kuunganidzwa uye kuwanda kwemadonhwe emvura, anova makuru uye anorema kudzamara vawira pasi pehuremu hwavo. Aya mamiriro anoenderana ne mhando yegore iri mune imwe nguva uye yemamiriro ekunze. Sezvatakambotaura, maitiro nedonhwe remvura (mudunhu raari) anogona kutora kunyangwe mamirioni emakore kuti apedze kutenderera kunokonzerwa neinotevera.
Nguva yehukama yekutenderera kwemvura
Kana donhwe remvura rikadonha kubva pagore muchimiro chakasimba senge chando kana chando, rinogona kuunganidzwa pamusoro pemakomo emvura uye makomo echando uye kwete kubuda semhepo zvakare uye kubva pane yakasimba kuenda kune mvura mumamiriyoni emakore. Iyi mvura inogona kuramba yakachengetwa nenzira iyi kwemamirioni emakore kana mamiriro akasa shanduka. Kutenda neizvi, masayendisiti anogona kutora ruzivo rwakawanda kubva kumakungwa polar vachishandisa ice cores.
Kana mamiriro ekunze achidziya, chando chinovhara chonyungudika uye chinonyungudika panosvika mwaka uye tembiricha inokwira. Mvura inonyungudika inoyerera nepasi uye inopa chikafu mipata uye nzizi. Mvura zhinji inonaya pasirese inowira mumakungwa. Kana ikadaro pasi, inogona kuve hova dzepamusoro, kana kuchengetwa pasi pevhu semvura yepasi uye inofudza mvura yemumvura. Saizvozvo, kune mamwe mvura anosara akaunganidzwa neiyo yekupinda maitiro kupfuura rwunoyerera nemunzizi nemadhamu.
Kana mvura ikaramba yakachengetwa pasi pevhu, iyo nguva yainotora kuti ikwire kumusoro zvakare nekuburitswa nevanhu kana kudzoreredza kugungwa uye kuita mhute zvakare inogona kutora kusvika kumazana emakore.
Kana mvura yapinda inoda kuchengetwa muvhu kuzadza mvura yemumvura. Izvi zvitoro zvepasi pevhu zvakakosha kwazvo kune huwandu hwevanhu sezvo maguta mazhinji anopihwa chete navo. Vamwe vamwe, zvakadaro, vanokwanisa kugara padhuze nepasi uye vachibuda, vachipedzisira vave pamusoro uye nemvura yemugungwa.
Kukosha kwekutenderera kwemvura kwehupenyu
Iyo hydrological kutenderera yakakosha zvakanyanya kune hupenyu hwepasi. Kutenda kwariri, hupenyu hunogona kuwanda ukapihwa zvivakwa. Iyo inobvumira organic makomponi kuti iite nenzira inoenderera hupenyu pasi. Sezvaungangodaro uchitoziva, muviri wemunhu unoumbwa ne60-70% mvura, saka pasina iyo hatingagone kurarama.
Izvo zvakakoshawo kune zvinomera kuti photosynthesize nekufema. Kuenzanisa pH yemvura uye zvakakosha mabasa ema enzymes, mvura chinhu chakakosha. Zvakare, sezvaungaona mukushanduka kwezvirimwa nemhuka, mafomu ekutanga ehupenyu akamuka mumvura. Dzinenge dzose hove dzinogara chete mumvura uye kune huwandu hukuru hwezvipfuwo, amphibian uye zvinokambaira mukati maro. Zvimwe zvirimwa senge algae zvinokurawo munzvimbo dzemumvura, ingava nyoro kana mvura yemunyu.
Sezvauri kuona, mvura ndicho chinhu chakakosha kwazvo pasi redu uye nekutenda kwariri tinogona kuva nehupenyu sekuziva kwedu nhasi. Neichi chikonzero, zvakafanira kuti uzive nzira yekukoshesa iyi yakakosha sosi asi iyo, zvinosuruvarisa, iri kuwedzera kushomeka.